Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge for Blockchain: A Survey

Partala, Juha; Nguyen, Tri; Pirttikangas, Susanna

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046025

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(128 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The prover only provides information required to assess the correctness of the statement via a proof but does not have to disclose any (potentially confidential) additional information [28,29]. In the context of blockchains, ZKPs enable data parsimony as the proof can be verified succinctly on-chain while sensitive data is protected and only stored off-chain [30]. For example, Zcash's protocol relies on ZKPs to prove the legitimacy of a transaction while hiding information about the transaction's sender, receiver, and amount [31].…”

Section: Merkle Trees and Zero-knowledge Proofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yes, I Do: Marrying Blockchain Applications with GDPR

Schellinger¹,

Völter²,

Urbach³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to blockchains' intrinsic transparency and immutability, blockchain-based applications are challenged by privacy regulations, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Hence, scaling blockchain use cases to production often fails to owe to a lack of compliance with legal constraints. As current research mainly focuses on specific use cases, we aim to offer comprehensive guidance regarding the development of blockchain solutions that comply with privacy regulations. Following the action design research method, we contribute a generic framework and design principles to the research domain. In this context, we also emphasize the need for distinguishing between applications based on blockchains' data integrity and computational integrity guarantees.

show abstract

Section: Merkle Trees and Zero-knowledge Proofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yes, I Do: Marrying Blockchain Applications with GDPR

Schellinger¹,

Völter²,

Urbach³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…zk-SNARKs are constructed with complex arithmetic equations called circuits [30]. There are circuit compilers that can abstract these equations and generate circuits using higher-level languages.…”

Section: Zero-knowledge Proofs and Zk-snarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

ElectAnon: A Blockchain-Based, Anonymous, Robust and Scalable Ranked-Choice Voting Protocol

Onur¹,

Yurdakul²

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Remote voting has become more critical in recent years, especially after the Covid-19 outbreak. Blockchain technology and its benefits like decentralization, security, and transparency have encouraged remote voting systems to use blockchains. Analysis of existing solutions reveals that anonymity, robustness, and scalability are common problems in blockchain-based election systems. In this work, we propose ElectAnon, a blockchainbased, ranked-choice election protocol focusing on anonymity, robustness, and scalability. ElectAnon achieves anonymity by enabling voters to cast their votes via zero-knowledge proofs anonymously. Robustness is realized by removing the direct control of the authorities in the voting process by using timed-state machines. Results show that ElectAnon is scalable amongst existing works as it reduces the gas consumption up to 89% compared to previous works. The proposed protocol includes a candidate proposal system and swappable tallying libraries. An extension is also proposed to minimize the trust assumption on election authorities. Our code is available on https://github.com/ceyonur/electanon.

show abstract

“…There are non-interactive zero-knowledge-based schemes, such as Hawk [15] and Zexe [3], that can be used to protect blockchain-based smart contracts and enable them to encrypt data. For a survey and comparison of such schemes, see for example [22]. Such methods need to be applied together with anonymization techniques to remove any personally identifiable information before data is stored in the system.…”

Section: Blockchain-based Service Cooperation In a Vehicle Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation Awareness for Autonomous Vehicles Using Blockchain-based Service Cooperation

Nguyen¹,

Nguyen²,

Leppänen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efficient Vehicle-to-Everything enabling cooperation and enhanced decision-making for autonomous vehicles is essential for optimized and safe traffic. Real-time decision-making based on vehicle sensor data, other traffic data, and environmental and contextual data becomes imperative. As a part of such Intelligent Traffic Systems, cooperation between different stakeholders needs to be facilitated rapidly, reliably, and securely. The Internet of Things provides the fabric to connect these stakeholders who share their data, refined information, and provided services with each other. However, these cloud-based systems struggle to meet the real-time requirements for smart traffic due to long distances across networks. Here, edge computing systems bring the data and services into the close proximity of fast-moving vehicles, reducing information delivery latencies and improving privacy as sensitive data is processed locally. To solve the issues of trust and latency in data sharing between these stakeholders, we propose a decentralized framework that enables smart contracts between traffic data producers and consumers based on blockchain. Autonomous vehicles connect to a local edge server, share their data, or use services based on agreements, for which the cooperating edge servers across the system provide a platform. We set up proof-of-concept experiments with Hyperledger Fabric and virtual cars to analyze the system throughput with secure unicast and multicast data transmissions. Our results show that multicast transmissions in such a scenario boost the throughput up to 2.5 times where the data packets of different sizes can be transmitted in less than one second.

show abstract

Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge for Blockchain: A Survey

Cited by 51 publications

References 124 publications

Yes, I Do: Marrying Blockchain Applications with GDPR

Yes, I Do: Marrying Blockchain Applications with GDPR

ElectAnon: A Blockchain-Based, Anonymous, Robust and Scalable Ranked-Choice Voting Protocol

Situation Awareness for Autonomous Vehicles Using Blockchain-based Service Cooperation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About