Non‐immune‐related genes and signalling pathways in spleen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus‐infected Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal)

α‐2‐macroglobulin, an infection‐resistant biomarker in Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)

“…In this study, the dose for the experimental fish infection was increased to 5 × 10 11 CFU/ml. This was to make it comparable to 5 × 10 12 CFU, which is the dosage used by Low et al (2015) on experimental infection of V. parahaemolyticus in E. fuscoguttatus .…”

“…cDNA from spleen, liver and blood were amplified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (α2M) , parvalbumin (PVALB) and nattectin genes (Low et al, 2015) with beta‐actin (ACTB) as reference gene. PCR primers for each of the genes were designed, synthesized and verified by a local company (PrimaNexus®) and details are shown in Table S2.…”

“…cDNA from spleen, liver and blood were amplified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), parvalbumin (PVALB) and nattectin genes (Low et al, 2015) with beta-actin (ACTB) as reference gene.…”

“…Disease‐Resistance‐Associated Microsatellites are linked to Tilapia piscidin family genes (Chen et al, 2021). In grouper, α‐2‐macroglobulin ( α2M ), nattectin and parvalbumin ( PVALB ) are overexpressed in and the serum of infection‐resistant brown‐marbled grouper (Low et al, 2015). This was the background upon which the suitability of α2M , nattectin, PVALB as disease‐resistant candidates in brown‐marbled grouper was tested using standard methods.…”

Evaluation of potential molecular interaction between quorum sensing receptor, LuxP and grouper fatty acids: in-silico screening and simulation

“…Studies have been conducted to comprehend the disease etiology, and a marker-assisted selective breeding scheme has been developed to reproduce grouper offspring with greater disease resistance. Disease resistance in grouper has been extensively studied at the molecular level through transcriptomics (Huang et al, 2011; Low et al, 2014a, 2015a; Mu et al, 2010), proteomics (Low et al, 2014b, 2015b), and metabolomics approaches (Johnson & Brown, 2011; Karakach et al, 2009). In addition to extensive studies of several metabolites with antibacterial properties (Dee & Gradle, 2011; Desbois & Smith, 2010; Heath & Rock, 2004; Ouattara et al, 1997; Zheng et al, 2005), a recently conducted study has identified highly abundant metabolites, such as icosapentaenoic acid, eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid, and linoleic acid in brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, which has resisted Vibrio vulnificus infection (Nurdalila, Mayalvanan & Baharum, 2019).…”