Nomenclatural standards, voucher specimens and genetic passports of potato cultivars created in the Siberian and Ural breeding centers

Abstract

The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.

Phenotypic and DNA Marker-Assisted Characterization of Russian Potato Cultivars for Resistance to Potato Cyst Nematodes

“…According to A. Barone with colleagues (1990) [84], a major dominant gene Gro1 confers resistance to all pathotypes of G. rostochiensis including Ro5. In our previous research it was shown the extremely low frequency of the Gro1-4 marker in the Russian cultivar genepool [42,[56][57][58][59]. A few Gro1-4-positive cultivars were involved in the present study, however, any association with resistance to Ro5 pathotype was not detected.…”

“…The obtained results indicated high (87%) predictive association between the presence of two markers of the H1 gene-57R and TG689-and phenotypic resistance to Ro1. The diagnostic value of these markers can be increased up to 90% in the case of counting moderately resistant cultivars as resistant genotypes [42,[56][57][58][59]. This study also demonstrated the extremely low frequency of Gro1-4 resistance-predictive allele within the subset of Russian potato cultivars.…”

“…Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). In our previous research, all these cultivars were genotyped in SSR analysis and tested using molecular markers of the H1 and Gro1-4 genes conferring resistance to pathotype Ro1 of G. rostochiensis as well as with DNA markers associated with R-genes of extreme resistance to PVY, PVX and resistance to late blight [57][58][59]. Data about their resistance to Ro1 of golden nematode were obtained from the results of bioassays recorded in the State Register of Breeding Achievements [22].…”

“…In the case of Russian cultivars, molecular screening for H1 resistance was first applied by V. Birukova and colleagues [55] who screened with marker TG689 a set of 109 cultivars of different origin (Western European, Ukrainian, Belarusian) including 36 cultivars bred in Russia. Later in a series of our research, a bigger subset of 211 cultivars bred in the Russian Federation were screened with several markers of the H1 and Gro1-4 genes [42,[56][57][58][59]. These subsets included cultivars with declared resistance/susceptibility to Ro1 of golden nematode [22].…”

“…Bio-testing of Russian cultivars for resistance to pathotypes other than Ro1 pathotype of G. rostochiensis and to G. pallida has never been performed. Information about the presence of cultivars potentially resistant to the pale nematode pathotypes was obtained in molecular screening with the intragenic marker Gpa2-2 of the Gpa2 gene which is involved in control of resistance to the pathotypes Pa2/3 of G. pallida [57][58][59]61]. However, for cultivars which were selected in molecular screening and had marker Gpa2-2, resistance was not validated in bio-testing.…”