This article is devoted to designing nomeclatural standars and herbarium vouchers of raspberry cultivars bred in the M.A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture for Siberia. The article presents nomeclatural standards of cultivars ‘Barnaul’skaya’, ‘Blesk’, ‘Dobraya’, ‘Zoren’ka Altaya’, ‘Illyuziya’, ‘Kredo’ and ‘Rubinovaya’. The work has been performed according to the rules and recommendations outlined in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants and guidelines developed for the vegetatively propagated plants. The material for nomenclatural standards should be collected with assistance of either the cultivar author, a representative of the institution owning the cultivar, or an expert in these cultivars. Therefore, material of the cultivars in question was picked with assistance of N.D. Yagovtseva, a representative of the Lisavenko Institute and author of two cultivars ‘Blesk’ and ‘Dobraya’. Nomenclatural standards contain two herbarium sheets with parts of one plant collected at the same time: the first sheet holds the middle third of a primocane and a leaf from this part, while the second one displays the middle third of a floricane and a lateral branch with fruits. Also, the specimens were supplied with photos of fruits taken before herbarization. The nomenclature standards have been deposited with the Herbarium of cultivated plants, their wild relatives, and weeds (WIR).
Род Rubus L. (семейство Rosaceae Juss.), по оценкам разных систематиков, состоит из 12–16 подродов, объединяющих ~750 видов. Самые крупные по числу видов подроды – Idaeobatus (Focke) Focke, к которому относятся малины, и типовой подрод Rubus (=Eubatus Focke), включающий виды ежевик. Представители рода Rubus обладают высокой пищевой и хозяйственной ценностью, а также лекарственными свойствами. Селекционные исследования направлены на расширение генетического разнообразия и создание новых сортов малин и ежевик, устойчивых к биотическим и абиотическим стрессорам и отличающихся высоким качеством плодов. Современные селекционно-генетические программы все шире включают достижения молекулярной генетики и геномики. В данной статье представлен обзор фундаментальных и прикладных исследований генетического разнообразия культивируемых и дикорастущих видов рода Rubus, выполненных на основе методов молекулярного маркирования. Рассмотрены основные типы молекулярных маркеров (RFLP, RAPD, SSR, ISSR, AFLP, SCAR, SSCP, ретротранспозонные маркеры и т. д.) и области их применения в изучении представителей рода Rubus. Приведены результаты работ по использованию методов ДНК-маркирования для решения самых разных задач, включая: исследование межвидового и внутривидового генетического разнообразия, филогенетических связей видов и надвидовых таксонов, выяснение спорных вопросов систематики, генотипирование и уточнение родословных сортов малин и ежевик, изучение сомаклональной изменчивости и др. Наиболее важным результатом в практическом плане является создание насыщенных молекулярно-генетических карт для разных видов малин и ежевик, на которых локализованы многочисленные гены и QTL, детерминирующие различные хозяйственно ценные признаки. В то же время необходимо отметить, что число маркеров, перспективных для проведения эффективного молекулярного скрининга, пока еще недостаточно.
Cryobanks use plant cryocollections for long-term preservation of crops which cannot be preserved in seed collections. These are vegetatively propagated crops, accessions of species which form either a small amount of seeds, or recalcitrant seeds. Shoot tips (apexes) of in vitro plants are used for cryopreservation for most berry crops, therefore maintenance of in vitro collections is very important. The VIR in vitro collection includes 150 accessions of Rubus L. species, 85 of them are raspberry cultivars, 59 of which were bred in Russia. These cultivars reflect a wide ecogeographic diversity. Among them, there are raspberry cultivars created at the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, including cultivars bred by I.V. Michurin and by the pioneer of northern horticulture V.V. Spirin. More than half of national raspberry varieties (33) are listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage. Raspberry cultivars from Russian breeding programs have a very limited representation in foreign genebanks. The first aim of the present work was cryopreservation of mostly folk and old Russian raspberry cultivars received by VIR from 1925 till 1950 and their transfer into the cryobank. The second aim of the work was to monitor post-cryogenic regeneration of raspberry cultivars transferred to the cryobank earlier. A modified protocol of the droplet vitrification method by “DV-biotech” was used for cryopreservation of shoot tips of in vitro plants of 10 raspberry cultivars (7 of which are folk and old Russian ones) from the VIR in vitro collection. Post-cryogenic regeneration was evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Ten raspberry cultivars (900 apexes) with an average mean post-cryoregenic regeneration value of 38.2±3.0% determined in control tests, were placed in the cryobank for long-term storage. A statistically significant effect of the genotype on the viability of explants after cryopreservation was noted, while the post-cryogenic regeneration was genotype insensitive. Additionally, levels of post-cryogenic regeneration were evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars (296 apexes) preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Post-cryogenic regeneration within the 20-70% range was displayed by four raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank for one year, and for 8 cultivars conserved there from three to five years post-cryogenic regeneration was within the 10-50% range. According to the results of monitoring, regeneration displayed by 12 raspberry cultivars was within the 10-70% range, which can be considered as a reliable rate of apex preservation in liquid nitrogen vapors in the VIR cryobank. Monitoring of the post-cryogenic regeneration of the raspberry accessions preserved in the VIR cryobank and cryopreservation of new raspberry cultivars will be continued.
This article is devoted to designing of nomenclatural standards of raspberry cultivars bred by the Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station (‘Alaya rossy’p’’, ‘Antares’, ‘Barxatnaya’, ‘Vanda’, ‘Vy’sokaya’, ‘Lel’’, ‘Lyubitel’skaya Sverdlovska’, ‘Muza’, ‘Rovnicza’ and ‘Fregat’) and by the Novosibirsk Zonal Gardening Station (‘Arochnaya’, ‘Persikovaya’ and ‘Prelest’’). The work has been performed according to the rules and recommendations outlined in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants and VIR methodology for the vegetatively propagated plants. Nomenclatural standards include two or three herbarium sheets with the simultaneously collected several parts of the same plant: the middle third of a primocane and a leaf from this part, the middle third of a floricane, and a lateral branch with fruits. Also, specimens were supplied with photos of flowers and fruits. Nomenclatural standards are preserved in the Herbarium of cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR) of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources.
Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is one of the most harmful viruses infecting raspberry and cause significant reduction of harvest. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) may help in breeding RBDV-resistant cultivars. At present some molecular markers distinguishing resistant and susceptible cultivars with high accuracy have been developed. In our research screening of raspberry cultivars from siberian and uralian breeding programs was carried out by two markers - rasp_N_gene_1202 and BC615_553_Alu I. It is found out that 7 of 28 cultivars have bands associated with resistance to RBDV. These are ‘Avrora, ‘Za zdravie, ‘Ogonek, ‘Rubinovaya, ‘Fantaziya, ‘Vysokaya, ‘Muza’ and ‘Arochnaya, They have different origin and wild and cultivated relatives of red raspberry was within their ancestors. This research is just only molecular-genetic assessmnent of potential sources for resistance to RBDV within raspberry cultivars from siberian and uralian breeding programs and its results need in additional checking. However, the obtained data may help in further researches of RBDV-resistance and also in breeding of new cultivars.
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