Nomenclatural notes on some ginkgoalean fossil plants from China

Wu, Xiangwu; Zhi-Yan, Zhou; Wang, Yongdong

doi:10.1360/aps07015

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Both kinds of leaves show a great variability concerning lobing as was also the case for several fossil ginkgoalean taxa (e.g. Kirchner & Kronijnenburg-van Cittert 1994;TU et al 2003;Kvacek et al 2005;Zhiyan, 1991;Zhiyan & Xiangwu 2006;Wang et al 2007;Wu et al 2007;Zhou et al 2007;Quan et al 2010). …”

Section: Leaf Morphology and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 63%

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Morphology, anatomy and vasculature in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgoales) under functional and evolutionary aspects

Dörken

2013

Feddes Repertorium

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Morphology and anatomy of leaves as well as germination in Ginkgo biloba were studied and compared to the situation in other gymnosperms. The results show that a long-shoot leaf will be replaced almost perfectly by the total leaf area of a single short-shoot, a feature which can be found in nearly all deciduous angiospermous, but is absent in all other deciduous gymnosperms. The results of the anatomical investigations of cotyledons and their comparison with the situation in other gymnosperm groups e.g. Araucariaceae, Pinacaea and Taxaceae demonstrate that the recent hypogeal germination of Ginkgo biloba might represent a feature derived from an epigeal ancestor with cotyledons taking part in photosynthesis and respiration. The cotyledons of Ginkgo biloba, however, have only a storage and haustorial function today, but they are still rich in chlorophyll and stomata are developed all over both leaf sides, despite the fact that they are never exposed to light.

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Section: Leaf Morphology and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…But in previous times Ginkgoaceae had a much larger diversity (e.g. Tu et al 2003;Kvacek et al 2005;Taylor et al 2009;Zhiyan, 1991;Zhiyan & Xiangwu 2006;Wang et al 2007;Wu et al 2007;Zhou et al 2007;Quan et al 2010). G. biloba is restricted to the western mountains of Tian Mu (Zhejiang province, East China) and perhaps Guizhou and Guyngxi (del Tredici 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, anatomy and vasculature in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgoales) under functional and evolutionary aspects

Dörken

2013

Feddes Repertorium

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“…The material utilized in this account is derived from the original publications from China (see also Wu 2006) and other countries in the world. Since most ginkgoalean fossils are vegetative organs, especially leaves that exhibit considerable heterogeneity and morphological variation, it is always difficult to know what kinds of reproductive structures they are really related with (Zhou 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whenever any of the above-mentioned changes of the original record (for Chinese material, see also Wu 2006) were made, they are shown in the data matrix (Zhou and Wu 2006, appendices 1-1, 1-2, 3; also partly in Appendices 1-1,1-2 here).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ginkgoalean plants andWu 2006, appendices 2-1, 2-2) of the representative genus Ginkgo and three morphogenera: Ginkgoites, Baiera and Sphenobaiera that are amongst the most widespread in space-time around the world, is taken into account. As remarked above, authentic species of Ginkgo are rare, and it is doubtful whether some European species such as Ginkgo huttonii really occurred in China, in spite of their names often appearing in the fossil list.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The rise of ginkgoalean plants in the early Mesozoic: a data analysis

Zhou

2006

Geological Journal

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In the present article, ginkgoalean fossil records are analysed and the data are incorporated into a sketched, 'epoch-by-epoch' framework (e.g. late Triassic, early Jurassic), based on the latest biostratigraphical evidence and the recent progress made mainly on the reproductive organs. The analyses revealed that a steep increase in diversity occurred from the middle Triassic onwards and during the late Triassic ginkgoaleans were at the zenith of diversity. In the late Triassic, almost all known ginkgoalean families simultaneously occurred. The diversity of vegetative organs increased rapidly, forming a high peak in the number of genera (8 in China and 12 in the world). In the late Triassic, in marked contrast to the absence of any record in the middle Triassic, there occurred the most diversified ginkgoalean reproductive structures so far known in the geological record. The emergence of a large number of new genera also supports an early Mesozoic, notably a late Triassic radiation of ginkgoaleans. In China, Ginkgo was recorded firstly in the late Triassic, and the commonest morphogenera Ginkgoites, Baiera and Sphenobaiera drastically increased in specific (or morphotypic) diversity from the late Triassic onwards accompanied by very high origination rates of 88.8, 100 and 91.7%, respectively. The major morphological innovations of vegetative organs accomplished in the middle to late Triassic are the appearance of dwarf shoots and the differentiation of leaves into lamina and petiole. Since then, the reduction of pedicels and number of ovules, and the increase in size of ovules became dominant. Further morphological innovations and diversification of ginkgoalean ovule organs include the fused or adnate ovule/bract, and the collared or winged ovules. In China, ginkgoaleans also started expanding rapidly in geographical distribution from the middle Triassic to the late Triassic. The fossil localities of Ginkgo increased from zero to three, Ginkgoites from one to 12, Baiera zero to 27 and Sphenobaiera three to 20 counties.The replacement of the warm-hot, nearly uniform climate with long growing season in the late Palaeozoic by the seasonal climate in the early Mesozoic of Eurasia was probably the main cause of a marked reduction of both vegetative and reproductive organs of ginkgoaleans. The latest Triassic plate movement and sea-level change that resulted in considerable habitat heterogeneity might also facilitate an increase in taxon and morphology diversity of this present-day relictual plant group.

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Zingiber: synonymy, accepted and excluded species

et al. 2023

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Among the species of the Zingiberaceae family, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is the best known and studied species, with several reported ornamental, medicinal, and culinary properties. Many ornamental species of the genus Zingiber are commonly treated as gingers by analogy. This study provides a list of species of the genus Zingiber, information on synonyms and comments on ornamental aspects.

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Nomenclatural notes on some ginkgoalean fossil plants from China

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Morphology, anatomy and vasculature in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgoales) under functional and evolutionary aspects

Morphology, anatomy and vasculature in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgoales) under functional and evolutionary aspects

The rise of ginkgoalean plants in the early Mesozoic: a data analysis

Zingiber: synonymy, accepted and excluded species

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