Noma in Saguinus oedipus: A report of 2 cases

Abstract

2 cases of noma in cotton topped marmosets ( Saguinus oedipus) are reported. The condition did not respond to antibiotic therapy, but was successfully treated in one animal by local application of ethacridine lactate.

Acute necrotic stomatitis (noma) associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a newly acquired rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

“…Noma is thought to be an opportunistic infectious disease, but its primary cause remains unknown. Previous studies have reported noma to be associated with bacterial and viral infections, including staphylococcus, streptococcus, micrococcus, proteae, fusobacterium necrophorum, AIDS, cytomegalovirus, simian virus 40, and simian retrovirus-1 [3,4,7,8,10,11,17,21].…”

“…The characteristics of this disease, such as the rapid destruction of soft tissue and bone, are almost always quickly fatal if prompt treatment is not undertaken. In animals, spontaneously occurring noma‐like lesions have been described in cottontop tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) [3], rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) [7, 8, 10, 11, 17], cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) [8, 10], Taiwanese rock macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) [4], and goats [21]. Noma is thought to be an opportunistic infectious disease, but its primary cause remains unknown.…”

An oro‐facial disease ‘noma (cancrum oris)’ in a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata): clinical signs, clinicopathological features, and response to treatment

“…In simian cases, bacteriologic examinations have indicated that fusospirochetes ( Treponema vincentii and Fusobacterium nucleatum ) contributed to this disorder in concert with other bacteria such as non‐hemolytic Streptococci , Staphylococcus spp., and Bacteroides and Klebsiella spp. [1, 4, 5]. Bacterial etiology of noma may be more complicated than that in humans because of the unknown microflora of cheek pouches and inferior oral hygiene.…”

“…In veterinary medicine, spontaneously occurring noma‐like lesions have been described in cotton topped marmosets ( Saguinus oedipus ) [4], rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) [11, 13, 14, 19], cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) [1, 11, 13, 14], and Taiwanese rock macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) [4]. These case reports mentioned that this condition was fatal despite intensive therapy, and that these monkeys were ultimately euthanized.…”