NMR characterization of electron beam irradiated vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene copolymers

Mabboux, Pierre-Yves; Gleason, Karen K.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00440-7

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One important feature revealed by the data is that even under a tensile stress of 45 MPa, the strain generated is still nearly the same as that without load, indicating that the material has a very high load capability [15]. Although high energy irradiations can be used to convert the normal ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) into a relaxor ferroelectric with high electrostriction, the irradiations also introduce many damages to the copolymer, for instance, the formation of crosslinkings, radicals, and chain scission [16]. From the basic ferroelectric response consideration, the defect structure modification of the ferroelectric properties can also be realized by introducing randomly in the polymer chain a third monomer, which is bulkier than VDF and TrFE.…”

Section: Electromechanical Properties Of the High Energy Electron Irrmentioning

confidence: 98%

Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers

Xia

Huang

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper reports two classes of electroactive polymers developed recently which exhibit very high strain and elastic energy density. In the first class of the electroactive polymer, i.e., the defects modified poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) polymers, an electrostrictive strain of more than 7% and an elastic energy density above 1 J/cm 3 can be induced under a field of 150 MV/m. The large electrostrictive strain in this class of polymers originates from the local molecular conformation change between the trans-gauche bonds and all trans bonds, which accompanies the field induced transformation from the non-polar phase to the polar phase. The second class of the polymer is an all organic composite, which shows a very high dielectric constant (>400) and high strain induced with a low applied field (2% strain under 13 MV/m). The strain is proportional to the applied field and the composite has an elastic modulus near 1 GPa.

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Section: Electromechanical Properties Of the High Energy Electron Irrmentioning

confidence: 98%

Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers

Xia

Huang

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Zhang et al [21] extended on the work of Lovinger [20] who first observed interesting changes in the crystal structure of P(VDF-TrFE) when exposed to radiation, to report a large electrostrictive response of the irradiated polymer [21]. This discovery led Zhang and others to comprehensively investigate the effect of radiation on P(VDF-TrFE) using FTIR, X-ray, crosslinking density, DSC, DMA, mechanical measurements, solid-state NMR and various electrical techniques [22][23][24]. Their principle observation was that the copolymer, when subjected to electron beam radiation, is transformed from a normal ferroelectric with a large hysteresis loop to a relaxor-like ferroelectric with a slim polarization loop.…”

Section: Overview: Pvdf Based Polymers For Piezoelectric Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, performance and optimization of PVDF as a piezoelectric film for advanced space mirror concepts.

Jones¹,

Assink²,

Dargaville³

et al. 2005

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Piezoelectric polymers based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are of interest for large aperture spacebased telescopes as adaptive or smart materials. Dimensional adjustments of adaptive polymer films depend on controlled charge deposition. Predicting their long-term performance requires a detailed understanding of the piezoelectric material features, expected to suffer due to space environmental degradation. Hence, the degradation and performance of PVDF and its copolymers under various stress environments expected in low Earth orbit has been reviewed and investigated. Various experiments were conducted to expose these polymers to elevated temperature, vacuum UV, γ-radiation and atomic oxygen. The resulting degradative processes were evaluated. The overall materials performance is governed by a combination of chemical and physical degradation processes. Molecular changes are primarily induced via radiative damage, and physical damage from temperature and atomic oxygen exposure is evident as depoling, loss of orientation and surface erosion. The effects of combined vacuum UV radiation and atomic oxygen resulted in expected surface erosion and pitting rates that determine the lifetime of thin films. Interestingly, the piezo responsiveness in the underlying bulk material remained largely unchanged. This study has delivered a comprehensive framework for material properties and degradation sensitivities with variations in individual polymer performances clearly apparent. The results provide guidance for material selection, qualification, optimization strategies, feedback for manufacturing and processing, or alternative materials. Further material qualification should be conducted via experiments under actual space conditions. 3 4 AcknowledgementsThe authors express their appreciation to Bruce Tuttle for use of equipment to measure the d 33 coefficients, Jonathan Campbell for use of the evaporation chamber, Mark Stavig for DMA measurements, Gary Zender for acquiring the SEM images, Ralph

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“…[21][22][23] Irradiation also has a strong influence on the phase transitional behavior of P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers. It was first shown by Lovinger that the transition between the ferroelectric (polar) and paraelectric (nonpolar) phases in irradiated P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer occurs at a temperatures much lower than that in unirradiated copolymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recrystallization Study of High-Energy Electron-Irradiated P(VDF−TrFE) 65/35 Copolymer

Arbatti

Cheng

2003

Macromolecules

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Electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer exhibits a very high electromechanical performance that is attractive for many applications. A study of recrystallization of irradiated P(VDF-TrFE) 65/35 mol % copolymer is reported in this paper. The structure and morphology of the recrystallized samples were determined using DSC and X-ray diffraction, and the polarization behavior of the recrystallized samples was studied. The nonpolar phase content of the recrystallized samples was much lower than that of the irradiated samples. For irradiated samples that exhibited the best electromechanical performance, the corresponding recrystallized material had a high polar phase content, with a correspondingly high remanent polarization. For samples irradiated with higher doses, although the polarization level was low immediately after irradiation, after recrystallization the material exhibited a much higher polarization level with a very small remanent polarization, an attractive combination for many electromechanical applications.

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NMR characterization of electron beam irradiated vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene copolymers

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers

Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers

Characterization, performance and optimization of PVDF as a piezoelectric film for advanced space mirror concepts.

Recrystallization Study of High-Energy Electron-Irradiated P(VDF−TrFE) 65/35 Copolymer

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