Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers

Xia, Feng; Li, Hengfeng; Huang, Cheng Liang; Huang, Meizhen; Xu, Hongyao; Bauer, F.; Cheng, Z.-Y.; Zhang, Qi Ming

doi:10.1117/12.484308

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The dynamic strain increases initially with the load then decreases after reaching a maximum. Similar behavior has been reported on electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE) based polymers [8,9], where it was explained with the para-to ferro-electric phase change of the relaxor ferroelectrics [8]. The theory is, however, not suitable for the silicone polymer film studied here.…”

Section: Ac Excitation With DC Bias Of the Polymer Actuatorssupporting

confidence: 72%

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Interferometric measurement of the transverse strain response of electroactive polymers

et al. 2004

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Some electroactive polymers produce large electric-field-induced strains that can be used for electromechanical actuation. The measurement of the strain response, especially the dynamic response under high driving fields, is difficult. We have developed a transverse strain measurement system based on the Zygo laser Doppler interferometer. The system can measure transverse strain responses of polymer samples of different sizes over a wide displacement range and a frequency range from DC up to 100 Hz. We have used this interferometric system to investigate the strain response of Maxwell stress actuators fabricated from silicone (Dow Corning HS III RTV) and thermoplastic polyurethane (Dow Pellethane 2103) films. The static and dynamic strain responses of the materials to a variety of driving electric fields such as step fields, AC fields and DC bias fields have been measured as functions of amplitude and frequency. The strain response has a quadratic relationship with the driving field and shows a strong dependence on the frequency of the applied field. Of the two kinds of polymers investigated, HS III silicone polymer shows higher strain and breakdown fields. High transverse strains of 3.25 % (static) and 2.08 % (dynamic at 1 Hz) for HS III silicone polymers have been obtained. In addition, the effect of mechanical tensile load on the transverse strain has also been studied. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of measured material properties and small strain models for dielectric film actuators.

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Section: Ac Excitation With DC Bias Of the Polymer Actuatorssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The Maxwell stress arises from the interaction between free charges on both electrodes (a Coulomb attraction) and it induces a transverse strain, γ , which has the following relationship with the applied filed E [9]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferometric measurement of the transverse strain response of electroactive polymers

et al. 2004

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“…The maximum strain of electrostrictive polymers is about 5%. 31 The energy density and strain of piezoelectric PVDF is much less. Dielectric elastomers are capable of undergoing induced strains of more than 100% and can tolerate strains of more than 200%.…”

Section: Electroactive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber to rigid, clamped to undamped: toward composite materials with wide-range controllable stiffness and damping

et al. 2004

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Composite materials have increased the range of mechanical properties available to the design engineer compared with the range afforded by single component materials, leading to a revolution in capabilities. Nearly all commonly used engineering materials, including these composite materials, however, have a great limitation; that is, once their mechanical properties are set they cannot be changed. Imagine a material that could, under electric control, change from rubbery to rigid. Such composite "meta-materials" with stiffness and damping properties that can be electrically controlled over a wide range would find widespread application in areas such as morphing structures, tunable and conformable devices for human interaction, and greatly improved vibration control. Such a technology is a breakthrough capability because it fundamentally changes the paradigm of composite materials having a fixed set of mechanical properties. These electronically controllable composites may be the basis of discrete devices with tunable impedance. The composites can also be multifunctional materials: They can minimize size and mass by acting not only as a tunable impedance device, but also as a supporting structure or protective skin. Current approaches to controllable mechanical properties include composites with materials that have intrinsically variable properties such as shape memory alloys or polymers, or magnetorheological fluids, or composites that have active materials such as piezoelectrics, magnetostrictives, and newly emerging electroactive polymers. Each of these materials is suitable for some applications, but no single technology is capable of fast and efficient response that can produce a very wide range of stiffness and damping with a high elongation capability, that is, go from rubber to rigid. Such a material would be capable of a change in its maximum elastic energy of deformation of 50,000 J/cm 3 . No existing material is within three orders of magnitude of this value. Similarly, no material appears capable of going from a very lightly damped to a very heavily damped condition over a wide range of motion. We suggest an approach based on composites whose meso-scale structure can be changed with actuation or change in intrinsic properties. Passive composite meta-materials have been demonstrated, however, such active composite meta-materials have not yet been demonstrated.

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“…For silicone polymers, there are two possible effects that contribute to the electric-field-induced strain: a Maxwell stress effect and an electrostrictive effect. The Maxwell stress arises from the Coulomb attraction between free charges on both electrodes and it induces a transverse strain, S m , which, for small strains, has the following relationship with the applied filed E [5]:…”

Section: A Static Transverse Strain Response Of the Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

The transverse strain response of electroactive polymer actuators

Yang

Ren

Mukherjee

et al.

14th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, 2004. ISAF-04. 2004

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Abstract-Some electroactive polymers show large electric-fieldinduced strain. However, it is difficult to characterize the transverse strain response, especially the dynamic response, under high driving electric fields. In this work, a transverse strain measurement system based on a ZYGO laser Doppler interferometer has been developed. This system can measure transverse strain responses of polymer actuators of different sizes over a wide displacement and frequency range. By using this system, we have investigated the electric-field-induced strains of electroactive polymer actuators fabricated from silicone (Dow Corning HSIII RTV) films. The static and dynamic strains of the actuators have been measured under various driving electric fields and mechanical loads. Our results show that the polymers exhibit a non-linear relationship between strain and driving field. Mechanical loads have a significant effect on transverse strain responses. Transverse strains of 3.25% (static) and 2.08% (dynamic at 1 Hz) have been obtained under a load-free condition. Our experimental results can be understood on the basis of hyperelastic theory. The actuation of an electroactive polymer actuator is not only determined by its material properties, but also by the actuator structure.

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Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Interferometric measurement of the transverse strain response of electroactive polymers

Interferometric measurement of the transverse strain response of electroactive polymers

Rubber to rigid, clamped to undamped: toward composite materials with wide-range controllable stiffness and damping

The transverse strain response of electroactive polymer actuators

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