Níveis de Gastos e Eficiência Pública em Educação: Um Estudo de Municípios Paulistas Utilizando Análise Envoltória de Dados

Abstract

A qualidade da educação ofertada pelo setor público é importante, pois tem impacto na formação do cidadão e na geração de capital humano. Neste âmbito, estudar o nível de gasto público e a eficiência da gestão permite identificar melhores práticas, além de reforçar a avaliação do setor público como mecanismo de controle social e efetividade do Estado. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de avaliar o nível de gasto em educação municipal em relação à eficiência na promoção de Educação Básica de qualidade. Foram analisados 47 municípios paulistas, através da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) num modelo utilizando três inputs e seis outputs para os anos de 2007, 2009 e 2011. Os resultados indicam aumento do gasto total em educação, porém, a maior alocação de recursos não proporcionou melhores resultados, tendo em vista a aplicação ineficiente.

Local Government Performance: Evaluating Efficiency, Efficacy, and Effectiveness at the Basic Education Level

“…Hence, after discussions concerning local government performance of public education and the points of influence (Adu-Gyamfi, 2014; Aesaert et al, 2015;Carnoy et al, 2017;Olvera & Avellaneda, 2019), we can create a conceptual model to test Brazilian local governments at the basic education level, where sociodemographic and economic conditions could play a role in impacting the efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness of Brazilian municipalities (Garcia, Prearo, Romero, Secco, & Bassi, 2016;Lauro, Figueiredo, & Wanke, 2016;Matias, Quaglio, Oliveira, Lima, & Bertolin, 2018;Theunissen, Bosma, Verdonk, & Feron, 2015;Vinha, Karino, & Laros, 2016). Finally, in our paper, we are using the following concepts of efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness (Garcia et al, 2016;Matias et al, 2018;Vinha et al, 2016): (a) Efficiency also means cost-benefit, through which we can produce more with fewer resources -in our case, enrollments, students, and time; (b) Efficacy expresses the achievement of goals -in our case, the approval rate; (c) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Effectiveness demonstrates a higher impact concerning municipality performance -in our case, basic education index.…”

“…The state of São Paulo is considered the second best based on the human development index and second highest in the number of municipalities among the states (IBGE 2010). The data were collected using 12 indicators, collected in 2009, 2011, and 2013 (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira [Inep] 2019; Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados [Seade] 2019), and divided into sociodemographic, economic, efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness dimensions (Garcia et al 2016;Matias et al, 2018;Vinha et al, 2016). Exploring the database and after eliminating the outliers, our sample continued, with 1,329 observations.…”

“…Exploring the database and after eliminating the outliers, our sample continued, with 1,329 observations. The dimensions are based on municipality responsibilities, which is basic education until 5 th grade in the elementary school curriculum (Garcia et al, 2016;Matias et al, 2018;Vinha et al, 2016). The municipalities from the state of São Paulo were chosen due to their well-structured database, population variation, and regional characteristics, as noted in Avellaneda and Gomes (2015).…”

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“…Education is an instrument for the intellectual development of people, which requires the use of management techniques capable of improving the allocation of resources invested in this sector (MACÊDO et al, 2015). Thus, investing in education and, more specifically in public education, influences the increase in the level of knowledge and professional training of the citizen, which demonstrates that the evaluation of the application of resources seeks to implement and improve the quality of the education offered (MATIAS et al ., 2018).…”

“…According to Matias et al (2018), the presence of centralized exams influences educational performance; distribution of decision-making power between schools and government agencies; teacher qualification; distribution of decision-making power over the education system between levels of government; quality of the school's infrastructure; degree of competition between public and private schools; and socioeconomic status of students.…”