Nitrogen Stress in Plants

Greenwood, E. A. N.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60551-9

Cited by 69 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…NS can indirectly cause the production of ROS that can cause oxidative damage to cellular ultrastructures and biomolecules including lipids (Greenwood 1976;Maranville & Madhavan 2002). In our study, increased levels of MDA have been found in Nstressed maize seedlings (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Although C 4 crops such as maize (Zea mays L.) are known for their higher use efficiency of nitrogen (N), CO 2 , and solar radiation than most C 3 crops, N stress (NS) is still one of the major limiting factors for crop yield in arid and semiarid areas of the world (Greenwood 1976;Uhart & Andrade 1995;Pandey et al 2000;Sage & Zhu 2011). Understanding the physio-biochemical mechanisms in maize under NS could be vital for achieving increased crop yield by increasing N use efficiency (Chapin et al 1988;Ding et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid improve growth, nitrogen status, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system and confer tolerance to nitrogen stress in maize seedlings

Zhang

Lai

Gao

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Abiotic stresses, including nitrogen stress (NS), can hamper photosynthesis and cause oxidative damage to plants. Upregulation of the antioxidative defense system and photosynthesis induced by exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) and humic acid (HA) can mitigate the inhibitory effects of NS on plants. In the present investigation, the beneficial effects of exogenously applied GB and HA were examined on growth, leaf N status, photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, and activities of some key antioxidant enzymes in the seedlings of maize cv. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) exposed to NS. NS caused a significant reduction in total dry matter of seedlings of ZD958, but both GB and HA proved effective in mitigating this inhibition, hence, the beneficial effects of GB being more pronounced than those of HA. NS led to a considerable decrease in leaf total N and endogenous GB contents, stomatal conductance (g s ), net photosynthetic rate (P n ), intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), and activities of two key C 4 photosynthesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) as well as of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). This treatment caused an increase in lipid peroxidation, but showed no effect on POD activity. Exogenous application of varying doses of GB resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation and C i , and an increase in leaf total N and endogenous glycinebetaine (EGB) content, P n , and activities of RuBPCase, PEPCase, SOD, and catalase (CAT) under NS. In contrast, application of different doses of HA resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation, an increase in P n , g s , and C i as well as SOD, CAT, and POD activities without increasing leaf total N and EGB content, and enhanced RuBPCase and PEPCase activities. The present study suggests that exogenous application of GB and HA can induce tolerance in maize plants to NS, but through the regulation of different mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid improve growth, nitrogen status, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system and confer tolerance to nitrogen stress in maize seedlings

Zhang

Lai

Gao

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…in sugar beet (Nevins and Loomis 1970), in barley (Natr 1970), in Trifolium sp. (Bouma 1970), as well as in maize (Kummerova 1980 Greenwood (1976) (Woolhouse 1961); associated with this increase in chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate of these leaves was greater following the stress period than prior to leaf removal. The rapid recovery of photosynthetic activity following N deprivation indicates that the effect is governed by metabolic processes rather than morphological alterations as suggested by Nevins and Loomis (1970).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temporary N Starvation on Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Chlorophyll Content of Maize

Girardin¹,

Tollenaar²,

Muldoon³

1985

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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GrnenorN, P., ToLr-cNA,en, M. eNo MuloooN, J. F. 1985. Effect of temporary N starvation on leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of maize. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65: 491-500.The photosynthetic rate (P) of maize (Zea may's L.) plants grown under growth room conditions was studied during and after a 1O-day period ofN starvation. The relationships between P and chlorophyll content, and P and nitrogen content were examined. Nitrogen deprivation, from the l8th to the 28th day, induced a decline of maximum photosynthetic rate, respiration and chlorophyll content; this effect was reversible. Recovery of photosynthetic capability occurred within 10 cm of water was placed between the lamp and the chamber to absorb most of the infrared radiation. Screens made of cheese cloth were used to reduce irradiance reaching the leaf. Photon flux density was measured to the top of the cuvette with a quantum photometer (Lambda Instrument Ltd., Lincoln, Nebr.) and corrected for absorbance and reflection by the cuvette. Maximum photosynthesis (PMAX) was measured by a photon flux density incident at the leaf surface of 2050 pEm-2'seg-t (400-700 nm). Photosynthetic rates were also measured at 700, 340, 66 and 0 pE'm 2'sec '. Room temperature was maintained at 25 -+ l'C. Fig. 2. Maximum photosynthetic rate of the 6th leaf of the control plants and of plants grown with N-free nutrient solution from the 18th to the 28th days (conditions: 26-+ l"C;

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“…Inadequate supply of soil N is a major factor contributing to reduction in crop growth and grain yield (Below et al 1981;Greenwood 1976;Hanway 1962;Sinclair and De Wit 1975;Sinclair and Muchow 1995). Diagnosing N deficiency may be of great practical value in determining the quantity of N required to maintain optimum growth and yield while minimizing the risk of N loss to ground and surface waters (Ziadi et al 2008b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Addition and Weed Interference on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Nitrogen Nutrition

et al. 2010

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Weeds cause crop loss indirectly by reducing the quantity of resources available for growth. Quantifying the effects of weed interference on nitrogen (N) supply, crop growth, and N nutrition may assist in making both N and weed management decisions. Experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of N addition and weed interference on soil nitrate-N (NO3-N) over time and the dependence of corn growth on NO3-N availability, determine the corn N nutrition index (NNI) at anthesis, and evaluate if relative chlorophyll content can be utilized as a reliable predictor of NNI. Urea was applied at 0, 60, and 120 kg N/ha to establish N treatments. Season-long weedy, weed-free, and five weed interference treatments were established by delaying weed control from time of crop planting to the V3, V6, V9, V15, or R1 stages of corn development. Soil NO3-N ranged from 20 kg N/ha without N addition to 98 kg N/ha with 120 kg N/ha added early in the season, but crop and weed growth reduced soil NO3-N to 10 kg N/ha by corn anthesis. Weed presence reduced soil NO3-N by up to 50%. Average available NO3-N explained 29 to 40% of the variation in corn shoot mass at maturity. Weed interference reduced corn biomass and NNI by 24 to 69%. Lack of N also reduced corn NNI by 13 to 46%, but reduced corn biomass by only 11 to 23%. Nondestructive measures of relative chlorophyll content predicted corn NNI with 65 to 85% accuracy. Although weed competition for factors other than N may be the major contributor to corn biomass reduction, the chlorophyll meter was a useful diagnostic tool for assessing the overall negative effects of weeds on corn productivity. Further research could develop management practices to guide supplemental N applications in response to weed competition.

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Nitrogen Stress in Plants

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid improve growth, nitrogen status, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system and confer tolerance to nitrogen stress in maize seedlings

Exogenous glycinebetaine and humic acid improve growth, nitrogen status, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system and confer tolerance to nitrogen stress in maize seedlings

Effect of Temporary N Starvation on Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Chlorophyll Content of Maize

Effect of Nitrogen Addition and Weed Interference on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Nitrogen Nutrition

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