Effect of Nitrogen Addition and Weed Interference on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Nitrogen Nutrition

Lindquist, John L.; Evans, Sean P.; Shapiro, Charles A.; Knežević, Stevan Z.

doi:10.1614/wt-09-070.1

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The full N rate resulted in a 56.5 and 45.6 mg m -2 increase in corn leaf chlorophyll content over the reduced N rate at the V11 and V14 growth stages, respectively. Our results are consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated the positive correlation between corn leaf chlorophyll content and N application rates (Lindquist et al, 2010;Ziadi et al, 2008;Scharf et al, 2006). Additionally, lower R:FR at the V5 growth stage correlated with lower corn leaf chlorophyll content at the V8 and V14 growth stages in the full N rate treatments (data not shown).…”

Section: Notesupporting

confidence: 93%

Light Quality Effect on Corn Growth as Influenced by Weed Species and Nitrogen Rate

Butts¹,

Miller²,

Pruitt³

et al. 2016

JAS

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Corn-weed competition has often been characterized as the competition for limited resources such as light quantity, water, and nutrients. However, growing evidence suggests that light quality, specifically the red:far red ratio (R:FR), is a crucial component to corn-weed interactions. Additionally, a reduction in the R:FR has shown to down-regulate plant genes similarly to a nitrogen (N) deficient environment. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of N stress and R:FR from common waterhemp, velvetleaf, and volunteer corn on corn growth and development. The R:FR for all three weed species tended to be similar but lower than a weed-free treatment. However, observations from the spectral response curves demonstrated significant changes in the patterns of light reflected from each weed species. In the N-sufficient environment, early-season (V5 corn growth stage) R:FR from all three weed species reduced corn height, leaf chlorophyll content, and shoot biomass while increasing fibrous root biomass. However, in the N-deficient environment, no effects were observed on corn growth from changes in light quality, indicating N stress was a greater limiting factor. These results highlight the importance of the critical weed-free period and the need for proper early-season weed management.

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Section: Notesupporting

confidence: 93%

Light Quality Effect on Corn Growth as Influenced by Weed Species and Nitrogen Rate

Butts¹,

Miller²,

Pruitt³

et al. 2016

JAS

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“…N content in biomass was below Ncrit and NNI was below 1.0 from 105 DAP (tasseling) to harvest under rainfed and 50% FIT and from 114 DAP (silkinggrain fill stage) to harvest under 60% FIT (Figure 3). NNI was higher earlier in the season and decreased with time due to interspecific and intra-specific competition for soil N (Jensen, 1996; Article Corre- Hellou et al, 2006;Bedoussac and Justes, 2009;Lindquist et al, 2010). This showed that crops were under non-limiting nitrogen supply conditions during their vegetative stage up to flowering stage under all irrigation regimes.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Critical Nitrogen Model and Nitrogen Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of critical nitrogen and phosphorus models for maize under full and limited irrigation conditions

Djaman

Irmak

2017

Ital J Agronomy

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Proper nitrogen (N) fertiliser application rates and timing of application, coupled with optimum irrigation management can improve the sustainability of maize production and reduce the risk of environmental contamination by nutrients. The impact of full and limited irrigation and rainfed conditions on in-season maize (Zea mays L.) shoot biomass nutrient concentration and critical N and phosphorus (P) indices were evaluated using a combination of measured nutrients and critical N and P models in south central Nebraska in 2009 and 2010. Four irrigation treatments [fully-irrigated treatment (FIT), 75% FIT, 60% FIT and 50% FIT) and rainfed] were imposed. Irrigation regimes impacted the shoot biomass N concentration. The shoot biomass N concentration was above the critical N (Ncrit) concentration throughout the growing season under FIT and 75% FIT and was below the Ncrit value for the most limited irrigation (60% FIT and 50% FIT) and rainfed treatments. Nitrogen nutrient index (NNI) varied from 0.68 to 2.0. Biomass N concentration was below Ncrit [i.e., NNI<1] from 105 days after planting (DAP) to harvest under rainfed and 50% FIT and from 114 DAP to harvest under 60% FIT. Overall, the FIT and the 75% FIT had NNI values greater than 1.0 throughout both growing seasons. Phosphorus concentration, which decreased with biomass accumulation and irrigation amounts, varied from 1.0 to 4.8 g kg -1 , with FIT having the highest biomass P concentration. The critical N model combined with NNI can be used to evaluate N and P in maize for in-season nutrient diagnosis under the conditions presented in this research.

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“…Early in the growing season, weeds can accumulate N rapidly, which can contribute to early-season interference and subsequent yield loss in corn (Zea mays L.) (Teyker et al, 1991;Davis & Liebman, 2001;Evans et al, 2003aEvans et al, , 2013bCathcart & Swanton, 2004;Harbur & Owen, 2004;Lindquist et al, 2010), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Blackshaw et al, 2002;Blackshaw et al, 2004), rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Ampong-Nyarko & De Datta, 1993a, 1993b, and canola (Brassica napus L.) (Blackshaw et al, 2011). Weeds can reduce soil NO 3 -N up to 50% in corn (Lindquist et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weeds can reduce soil NO 3 -N up to 50% in corn (Lindquist et al, 2010). Several integrated weed management studies (Walker & Buchanan, 1982;Di Tomaso, 1995) have investigated nitrogen because direct uptake by weed species may affect control (Kim et al, 2006) and grain yields depending on fertilizer rate (Evans et al, 2003a(Evans et al, , 2003bCathcart & Swanton, 2004;Lindquist et al, 2010), placement (Blackshaw et al, 2002;Blackshaw et al, 2004), timing (Blackshaw et al, 2004;Harbur & Owen, 2004), and source (Teyker et al, 1991;Davis & Liebman, 2001;Blackshaw et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, N management practices in no-till corn that promote controlled-release of available N early in a growing season may require more intensive weed management systems. Such systems could be similar to those used in research evaluating low N rates (Evans et al, 2003a(Evans et al, , 2003bCathcart & Swanton, 2004;Lindquist et al, 2010) to obtain the potential yield benefits derived from reduced weed-crop competition and the subsequent increase in available soil N for crop uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Nitrogen Source and Weed Management Systems on No-Till Corn Yields

Nelson

Nash²,

Dudenhoeffer

2013

JAS

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Field research was conducted at upstate Missouri to evaluate the impact of weed management systems and pre-plant nitrogen source selection [polymer-coated urea, (PCU); anhydrous ammonia (AA), urea, and ammonium nitrate (AN)] and side dressed urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 168 kg N ha -1 on no-till corn grain yield and weed growth. Small-seeded broadleaf weed heights responded differently to PCU and anhydrous ammonia in the two years of study. Corn heights were greater with AN and urea compared to PCU, AA, and side dressed UAN 7 to 9 weeks after planting. Nitrogen fertilizer source selection and weed management system affected total weed biomass (giant foxtail, common waterhemp, and common lambsquarters) at physiological maturity of corn. However, these factors showed no interactive effect on corn grain yields. An early postemergence application of atrazine + dimethenamid-P + glyphosate reduced total weed biomass 86% and 92% compared to atrazine + dimethenamid-P applied preemergence following AA and the non-fertilized control, respectively. A two-pass postemergence system (glyphosate followed by glyphosate) had 74 to 79% greater weed biomass compared to residual systems when following PCU. All weed management systems increased yield 1.5 to 5.09 Mg ha -1 compared to the non-treated control, and no yield difference was observed among weed management systems. PCU, AA, and side dressed UAN are preferred over broadcast urea for integrated weed management of no-till corn production in this region.

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Effect of Nitrogen Addition and Weed Interference on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Nitrogen Nutrition

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Light Quality Effect on Corn Growth as Influenced by Weed Species and Nitrogen Rate

Light Quality Effect on Corn Growth as Influenced by Weed Species and Nitrogen Rate

Evaluation of critical nitrogen and phosphorus models for maize under full and limited irrigation conditions

Effect of Nitrogen Source and Weed Management Systems on No-Till Corn Yields

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