Nitrogen Research in Turfgrass

Frank, Kevin; Guertal, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr56.c13

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…In spring of 2012, UG applications resulted in greater quality on SDI‐irrigated “Sea Spray.” Overall, there was no one fertilizer type that consistently increased turf quality on all treatments and over the entire research period. Frank and Guertal () suggested that different nitrogen forms affect turf quality differently due to factors such as temperature, precipitation, salinity and general plant health. This would explain why a field study such as ours, during which all of these factors interact to affect plant performance, may not always produce consistent results over a long period of time (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention

Serena

Schiavon

Sallenave

et al. 2017

J Agronomy Crop Science

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A 3‐year study was conducted at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, NM, to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on turf performance when water conservation strategies are applied. These strategies include the use of non‐potable saline irrigation water and the use of efficient subsurface irrigation systems. Two low water use warm‐season grasses, “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and “Sea Spray” seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz), were irrigated with either potable [Electrical Conductivity (EC) = 0.6 dS/m] or saline (EC = 3.1 dS/m) water from either an overhead or a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system. Four different fertilizers, liquid slow release, granular slow release, granular urea and liquid urea, were applied at two rates: 10 and 20 g N m−2 year−1 for “Sea Spray” and 20 and 30 g N m−2 year−1 for “Princess 77.” Spring green‐up, summer quality and fall colour retention were determined using digital image analysis, visual quality ratings and normalized difference vegetation index. Generally, subsurface drip‐irrigated grasses were slower to green‐up than overhead irrigated ones. “Sea Spray” irrigated from the SDI system took 18, 28 and 15 days longer to reach 80% green cover in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, than their sprinkler‐irrigated counterparts. The combination of “Princess 77” and overhead irrigation reached 80% green cover 35 (in 2010), 34 (in 2011) and 12 (in 2012) days faster than SDI‐irrigated “Princess 77.” Fertilization rate and type had no effect on summer turfgrass quality of “Princess 77” irrigated from a sprinkler system throughout the research period reaching ratings of greater than 7 during all 3 years. Similar results were observed for “Princess 77” irrigated from a SDI system during 2010 and 2011. Summer quality of sprinkler‐irrigated “Sea Spray” was negatively affected by liquid fertilization. During two of three summers, visual quality of plots fertilized with either liquid slow release or liquid urea was lower than “Sea Spray” fertilized with granular fertilizer. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of fertilization on bermudagrass and seashore paspalum over a wider nitrogen range including both granular and foliar products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention

Serena

Schiavon

Sallenave

et al. 2017

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…The Expert Panel found few examples of behavior changes resulting from homeowner outreach programs and concluded that no nutrient reduction credits should be provided for passive outreach efforts (Schueler and Lane, 2013). Turfgrass research programs at universities in the United States have made progress in understanding N and P dynamics in turfgrass systems and examining how fertilizer inputs influence water quality (Linde and Watschke, 1997;Frank et al, 2006;Soldat and Petrovic, 2008;Frank and Guertal, 2013). Cooperative Extension programs in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have promoted the use of lawn species with lower N requirements, encouraged soil testing for P, promoted use of enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers, and, in some cases, lowered N fertilizer recommendations for lawns.…”

Section: Practice 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Turfgrass Nutrient Management and Regulatory Issues in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

Landschoot

Carroll

Goatley

et al. 2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Water quality in the Chesapeake Bay has been impaired for decades from excess N, P, and sediment. As a result, the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (CBTMDL) program was established by the USEPA in 2010. This program requires each of the six Chesapeake Bay watershed states and the District of Columbia to develop watershed implementation plans to limit N, P, and sediment loading. Watershed implementation plans include sections on stormwater management and improving turfgrass fertilization practices in developed areas. As a consequence, legislation restricting use of fertilizer on home lawns, sports turf, and golf courses was recently passed in Maryland, Virginia, and New York, and a similar bill has been introduced in the Pennsylvania legislature. Depending on the state, turfgrass nutrient management legislation requires government agencies to establish certification programs for professional fertilizer applicators, restrictions on P fertilizer, limits on N fertilizer rates, and restrictions on dates and location of applications. Although most turf managers are adapting to current regulations, proposed plans for monitoring nutrient use and additional restrictions are creating concern in the turfgrass industry. Increased focus on the environmental impact of turfgrass fertilization practices has led to a renewed emphasis on research to determine if N and P inputs can be reduced without a significant sacrifice in turfgrass quality and performance.

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“…The maximum contaminant level (MCL) set by USEPA for NO 3 -N in drinking water is 10 mg L −1 (USEPA, 2016). Petrovic (1990), Walker and Branham (1992), Petrovic and Easton (2005), Barton and Colmer (2006), and Frank and Guertal (2013) have written reviews on the environmental fate of N applications to turf. Petrovic (1990), Walker and Branham (1992), Petrovic and Easton (2005), Barton and Colmer (2006), and Frank and Guertal (2013) have written reviews on the environmental fate of N applications to turf.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drinking water containing NO 3 -N levels above the MCL may cause detrimental health effects, including blue-baby syndrome (methemoglobinemia;USEPA, 2016). Petrovic (1990), Walker and Branham (1992), Petrovic and Easton (2005), Barton and Colmer (2006), and Frank and Guertal (2013) have written reviews on the environmental fate of N applications to turf. Most leaching research has been conducted on relatively young stands of turf.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen Years of Nitrogen Leaching from a Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Frank

Crum

Bryan³

et al. 2016

Crop Science

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Most research on nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3–N) leaching in turfgrass was conducted on recently established sites and indicates that leaching poses little risk to the environment. The potential for greater NO3–N leaching from mature turf sites is relatively unknown. Nitrogen (N) leaching from a Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf was measured for 15 yr using monolith lysimeters. From 1998 through 2002, half of the lysimeters were treated annually with urea at a high rate of 245 kg N ha−1 (49 kg N ha−1 application−1) and half of the lysimeters were treated at a low rate of 98 kg N ha−1 (24.5 kg N ha−1 application−1). Flow‐weighted mean NO3–N concentrations in leachate for the low N rate were below 5 mg L−1 for every year but one of the 15 yr of research. For the high N rate, NO3–N concentrations in leachate for many dates from 2000 through 2002 were higher than the drinking water quality maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L−1. Due to high concentrations of NO3–N in leachate, the high N rate was reduced from 245 to 196 kg ha−1yr−1 in 2003. From 2004 through 2013, there was a decline in NO3–N leaching. For both N rates, the flow‐weighted mean NO3–N concentration in 2013 was less than in 1998, when the research was initiated. This research indicates that, as a turfgrass system ages, there is a critical annual N rate, above which NO3–N concentration in leachate may exceed the maximum contaminant level, and below which there is minimal risk.

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Nitrogen Research in Turfgrass

Cited by 14 publications

References 155 publications

Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention

Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention

Turfgrass Nutrient Management and Regulatory Issues in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

Fifteen Years of Nitrogen Leaching from a Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

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