Fifteen Years of Nitrogen Leaching from a Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Frank, Kevin; Crum, James R.; Bryan, Jeff M.; Hathaway, Aaron

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.03.0197

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a 15‐yr field study, Frank et al. (2016) concluded that as a turfgrass system ages there is a critical N application rate above which greater NO 3 –N occurs and below that rate the risk is minimal. At TB, the critical N application rate may have been exceeded but not at SB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen rate, irrigation and rainfall impacts on groundwater nitrate levels in sandy coastal golf courses

Petrovic

Cambareri

Barnes³

et al. 2022

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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There have been concerns over fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to turfgrass areas affecting groundwater quality in sandy coastal areas since the 1970s . Extensive amount of small-scale research studies has determined the major factors that contribute to excessive nitrate-N leaching from turfgrass ecosystems. There are limited data on large-scale groundwater monitoring of turfgrass sites, such as golf courses, which are related to management inputs. There are land-use regulations limiting the amount of fertilized turfgrass in coastal area in the United States which assume a linear relationship between the amounts of N applied and leached. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of yearly variations in N application rate, irrigation amounts, and seasonal precipitation on groundwater quality on golf courses in critical groundwater recharge areas. Two golf courses, The Bridge and Sebonack Golf Club, in this study are in eastern Long Island, NY with systematic groundwater monitoring for NO 3 -N. Each golf course follows best management practices (BMP) including limitations on amount, rate, source and timing of N applications as well as controlled irrigation based on on-site evapotranspiration measurements. The results of this study clearly show that on golf courses in sandy critical groundwater recharge areas that follow BMP, the amount of N applied is not related to NO 3 -N levels in groundwater. Rainfall amounts more closely followed NO 3 -N levels in groundwater, thus abnormally high rainfall can result in higher NO 3 -N levels. Implementing fertilizer BMP can be very effective in protecting groundwater quality. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo golf courses, The Bridge (TB) and Sebonack Golf Club (SGC), in this study are in eastern Long Island, NY with systematic groundwater monitoring for NO 3 -N and pesticides as part of the permitting and approval process. Each golf course is required to follow best management practices (BMP) to reduce the likelihood of groundwater contamination

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen rate, irrigation and rainfall impacts on groundwater nitrate levels in sandy coastal golf courses

Petrovic

Cambareri

Barnes³

et al. 2022

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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“…Frank et al. (2016) observed the N saturation phenomenon in a long‐term lysimeter experiment in Michigan, where N leaching rates were low for the first several years, but after consistent N fertilization at high rates, N leaching increased to concerning levels. The leaching losses were not associated with large drainage events.…”

Section: Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for reducing inputs and emissions in turfgrass systems

Braun

Straw

Soldat

et al. 2023

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Turfgrass systems (e.g., home lawns, commercial properties, golf courses, athletic fields, roadsides, sod farms, parks, and other green spaces) in the US employ 820,000 individuals, have a $60 billion economic impact, and cover nearly 2% (∼63,250 mi2; 163,800 km2) of the US. Turfgrass systems provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, oxygen production, water and air purification, improved soil health, pollinator habitat, and evaporative cooling. Associated disservices with turfgrass systems include nutrient and pesticide leaching, greenhouse gas and particulate matter emissions, low plant diversity, and site‐specific, high water consumption. The goal of recent research efforts is to maximize the services and minimize the disservices by focusing on sustainability initiatives to develop best management practices such reducing management inputs (e.g., mowing, irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticides), incorporating pollinator‐friendly spaces, adopting new technologies, quantitatively assessing ecosystem services provided, minimizing energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing carbon sequestration. This part‐review, part‐management guide summarizes these efforts, identifies knowledge gaps, and outlines how turfgrass systems can adapt to and mitigate climate change.

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“…In addition to plant uptake of late‐fall N applications, there are concerns regarding N loss from leaching. Several researchers have reported high N leaching from late‐fall N applications (Frank et al, 2016; Mangiafico and Guillard, 2006; Petrovic et al, 1986). Soldat et al (2017) measured the effect of temperature and evapotranspiration (ET) independently on nitrate N leaching and found increased risk for nitrate N leaching from soluble N applications at temperatures below 50°F.…”

Section: To Convert Column 1 To Column 2 Multiply By Column 1 Suggest...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Late‐Fall‐Applied Nitrogen in Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass

Frank

Nikolai

Hathaway

et al. 2018

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Core Ideas Research was conducted to determine the fate of late‐fall‐applied nitrogen in creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass. Overall, the percentage of labeled fertilizer nitrogen recovered in November at 7 days after treatment was 55%, with 47% of this total recovered in soil. Recovery of labeled fertilizer nitrogen in the plant from a November N application was low, 9% in 2010–2011 and 3% in 2011–2012. Research was conducted to determine the fate of late‐fall‐applied nitrogen (N) in a creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. L. palustris (Huds.) Farw. ‘Penncross’] and annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans L.) fairway. The soil was a Marlette sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Glossoboric Hapludalfs) (66% sand, 23% silt, and 11% clay) with a pH of 7.4. Plots were treated with 15N double‐labeled urea (46N‐0P‐0K) (10 atom % excess) in solution at 1 lb N/1000 ft2 on 11 Nov. 2010 and 8 Nov. 2011 to facilitate fertilizer identification among verdure, roots, and soil. Different plot areas were used in 2010 and 2011. Overall, the percentage of labeled fertilizer nitrogen (LFN) recovered in November at 7 DAT was 55%, 47% of the total was recovered in the soil. By the April sampling, the percentage of LFN recovered in soil had declined to 22%, and there was not a corresponding increase in LFN recovered in the plant. Recovery of LFN in the plant from a November N application was low, 9% in 2010–2011 and 3% in 2011–2012. Although plant recovery of applied LFN was low, between species, a higher percentage of LFN was recovered in the verdure of annual bluegrass than creeping bentgrass, 3 and 2%, respectively.

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Fifteen Years of Nitrogen Leaching from a Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Nitrogen rate, irrigation and rainfall impacts on groundwater nitrate levels in sandy coastal golf courses

Nitrogen rate, irrigation and rainfall impacts on groundwater nitrate levels in sandy coastal golf courses

Strategies for reducing inputs and emissions in turfgrass systems

The Fate of Late‐Fall‐Applied Nitrogen in Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass

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