Nitrogen regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi

Brückner, B.; Blechschmidt, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00169631

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This observation agrees with previous results (2,3,12). In the absence of plant growth retardants, the main GAs found in the culture filtrate of S. manihoticola were GA4 (15 mg L-1), GA13 (4 mg L-1), and GA14 (1 mg L-1).…”

Section: Extraction and Analysis Of Gassupporting

confidence: 93%

Inhibition of Gibberellin Production in the Fungi Gibberella fujikuroi and Sphaceloma manihoticola by Plant Growth Retardants

Rademacher¹

1992

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of different types of plant growth retardants on fungal gibberellin (GA) formation has been studied in cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi and Sphaceloma manihoticola. Quaternary ammonium compounds (chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride, Amo-1618), triazoles (uniconazole and several experimental compounds), and the norbornanodiazetine tetcyclacis inhibited GA biosynthesis in both fungal species. Concentrations between 2 x 1iO`and 10-M were required for a 50% inhibition of the production of gibberellin A3 in Gibberella fujikuroi and of giberellin A4 in Sphaceloma manihoticola. The formation of other prominent GAs was affected at a similar degree of intensity. Tetcyclacis was the most active compound in both fungi. Compared to the growth retardants mentioned above, the biological activity of chlorphonium chloride was low. The acylcyclohexanediones prohexadione and LAB 198 999 had virtually no activity. Most likely, this lack of activity is due to a rapid metabolism of the compounds in the cultures. For the triazole-type compounds and tetcyclacis, a relatively distinct correlation exists in their ability to inhibit GA formation in fungal cultures, to block ent-kaurene oxygenase in a cell-free system, and to reduce shoot growth of rice seedlings. Due to differences in their metabolic fate and species specificities, such conclusions cannot be made for the other compounds.Plant growth retardants play an important role in agriculture and horticulture in reducing unwanted shoot elongation (21). At present, five major groups have been recognized. Ethylene-releasing compounds such as ethephon reduce shoot elongation mainly by inhibiting cell division. Daminozide most likely acts by causing a more rapid inactivation of GAs1 and by inhibiting GA translocation (31). Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium compounds (e.g. CCC, mepiquat chloride, Amo-1618, and chlorphonium chloride), compounds with a nitrogen-containing heterocycle (e.g. ancymidol, tetcyclacis, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, and inabenfide), and acylcyclohexanediones (e.g. prohexadione, cimectacarb, and LAB 198 999) inhibit the biosynthesis of GAs. It is known that representatives of the latter three groups block, respectively, the cyclization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate via copalyl pyrophosphate into ent-kaurene, the oxidative reactions from ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid, or 3,B-hydrox-

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Section: Extraction and Analysis Of Gassupporting

confidence: 93%

Inhibition of Gibberellin Production in the Fungi Gibberella fujikuroi and Sphaceloma manihoticola by Plant Growth Retardants

Rademacher¹

1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…The gibberellin pathway remains inactive when growth ceases following the exhaustion of carbon or phosphate sources [92]. Mycelia grown in an oversupply of nitrogen start producing gibberellins when washed and transferred to a nitrogen-free solution [93] and the synthesis ceases immediately when a nitrogen source is added to a gibberellin-producing culture [92,94]. This inhibition is a consequence of the availability of nitrogen and not of the resumption of growth: ammonium arrests gibberellin biosynthesis in an asparagine auxotroph, even while growth is prevented by asparagine deprivation [95].…”

Section: Regulation Of Gibberellin Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…isolated and synthesized in 1992 a series of metabolites with the structure of -pyrone from liquid cultures of F. fujikuroi grown on calcium lactate as the carbon source. A total of six compounds were isolated and called gibepyrones A-F (90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95). Gibepyrones A and B were moderately active against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts [171].…”

Section: -Pyronesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins and Other Metabolites of Fusarium fujikuroi and Related Fungi

Ávalos¹,

Cerdá‐Olmedo²,

Reyes³

et al. 2007

COC

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The rich metabolism of the fungal strains, now classified as Fusarium fujikuroi and related species covers the production of many secondary products, including different terpenoids and polyketides. Research has concentrated on the gibberellins, growth-promoting plant hormones with multiple applications in agriculture and brewing. The long list of secondary metabolites includes pigments such as carotenoids and bikaverins, mycotoxins such as fusarins and fumonisins and a diversity of other compounds, many of them still being unidentified. This review describes the chemical structures of the secondary metabolites identified in these fungi, with special attention to the terpenoids and particularly to the gibberellins, and summarizes knowledge on the biosynthesis of gibberellins, its regulation and its relation to those of other metabolites.

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“…Exponentially growing mycelia start to produce gibberellins when washed and transferred to a glucose solution (Candau et a/., 1992). Gibberellin biosynthesis ceases completely upon addition of a nitrogen source to producing cultures (Bruckner & Blechschmidt, 1991;Candau eta/., 1992). This block is a direct effect of the nitrogen source and not an indirect effect of the additional growth due to the renewed nitrogen supply: addition of ammonium to an asparagine auxotroph arrests gibberellin biosynthesis, but does not allow growth resumption (Sanchez-Fernandez, 1993).…”

Section: Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Composition Of The Culture mentioning

confidence: 99%