Gibberellin biosynthesis in<i>Gibberella</i>

Ávalos, Javier; Fernández-Martı́n, Rafael; Prado, Maria M.; Cerdá‐Olmedo, Enrique

doi:10.1080/12538078.1999.10515801

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The fungus produces a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites, which include terpenoids such as gibberellins (for reviews see Avalos et al 1999;Tudzynski 1999) and carotenoids CerdaOlmedo 1986, 1987), and polyketides such as fusarin (Barrero et al 1991) and the red pigment bikaverin (Giordano et al 1999). Recently, the genes for gibberellin biosynthesis were found to be organized in a gene cluster coding for seven enzymes catalyzing at least 18 enzymatic steps (Tudzynski and Ho¨lter 1998;Rojas et al 2001;Tudzynski et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA

et al. 2002

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Phytoene synthase, phytoene dehydrogenase and carotene cyclase are three of the four enzyme activities needed to produce the acidic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin from the precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. In the filamentous fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, these three enzyme activities are encoded by two closely linked genes, carRA and carB, oriented in the same direction in the genome. The two genes are separated by 548 bp and code for two polypeptides of 612 and 541 amino acids, respectively, which are highly similar to the homologous proteins from other filamentous fungi. The ORF of carRA contains a 96-bp insertion that is absent in the other fungal homologues. The 32 additional residues are located in one of the two repeated domains responsible for the cyclase activity in the homologous fungal proteins. We have determined the function of carRA by gene disruption. The resulting mutants were albino and had lost the ability to produce phytoene, as expected from the simultaneous loss of phytoene synthase and carotene cyclase. In the same experiments, we also found transformants in which carB had been deleted. These mutants accumulate phytoene, confirming the function of the gene previously shown by gene-targeted mutagenesis. Expression of carRA and carB is strongly induced by light. Loss of carB or disruption of the carRA ORF led to enhanced expression of the carRA gene, suggesting the existence of a feedback regulatory mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA

et al. 2002

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“…The seven genes coding for the enzyme activities of gibberellin biosynthesis are clustered in the F. fujikuroi genome (Tudzynski and Ho¨lter 1998;Rojas et al 2001;Tudzynski et al 2001Tudzynski et al , 2002Tudzynski et al , 2003. The regulation of the pathway by nitrogen availability has been the subject of detailed attention (reviewed by Tudzynski 1999 andAvalos et al 1999), and the genes responsible for this regulation are currently under intensive investigation Mihlan et al 2003;Teichert et al 2004). Similarly, the genes responsible for the synthesis of torulene (carRA and carB) and a gene that codes for an opsin-like protein (carO) are clustered, and are subject to a common mechanism of transcriptional regulation (Linnemansto¨ns et al 2002;Prado et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi, mating population C) is noteworthy for its ability to produce large amounts of gibberellins (Avalos et al 1999;Tudzynski 1999), terpenoid plant hormones whose growth-promoting properties have found agronomic applications. The fact that F. fujikuroi produces both carotenoids and gibberellins, via pathways which share the initial biosynthetic steps, makes this fungus an attractive model system for research on terpenoid metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a gene in the car cluster of Fusarium fujikuroi that codes for a protein of the carotenoid oxygenase family

et al. 2005

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The ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi produces carotenoids by means of the enzymes encoded by three car genes. The enzymes encoded by carRA and carB are responsible of the synthesis of beta-carotene and torulene, respectively, while the product encoded by carT cleaves torulene to produce the acidic xanthophyll neurosporaxanthin. carRA and carB are found in a cluster with a third gene, carO, which codes for an opsin-like protein. However, no information is available on the sequence or chromosomal location of carT, which has been identified only by mutant analysis. Transcription of the three clustered genes is stimulated by light and by mutations in a regulatory gene, leading to overproduction of carotenoids. We have now identified a fourth gene in the car cluster, called carX, which codes for a protein similar to known carotenoid-cleaving oxygenases. carX is transcribed divergently from carRA, and exhibits the same transcriptional pattern as carRA, carB and carO. Targeted deletion of carX resulted in a phenotype characterized by a significant increase in the overall carotenoid content. In the dark, the carX mutants accumulate at least five times more carotenoids than the wild type, and exhibit partial derepression of carRA and carB transcription. The mutants also show more intense pigmentation in the light, but the increase in the carotenoid content relative to the wild type is less than twofold. Under these conditions, the mutants also show a relative increase in the amounts of phytoene and cyclic carotenoids formed, suggesting that CarRA activity is enhanced.

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“…Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi, mating population C), the agent causing bakanae disease on rice, produces gibberellins (7,43), plant hormones in the terpenoid family whose growth-promoting properties are used to improve agricultural yields (36). Depending on the growth conditions, this fungus also may produce other terpenoids, e.g., carotenoids, or polyketide mycotoxins, e.g., bikaverins and fusarins (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of Carotenogenesis and Secondary Metabolism by Nitrogen in Wild-Type Fusarium fujikuroi and Carotenoid-Overproducing Mutants

Rodríguez-Ortiz

Limón

Ávalos

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The fungus Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-C) produces metabolites of biotechnological interest, such as gibberellins, bikaverins, and carotenoids. Gibberellin and bikaverin productions are induced upon nitrogen exhaustion, while carotenoid accumulation is stimulated by light. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen availability on carotenogenesis in comparison with bikaverin and gibberellin production in the wild type and in carotenoid-overproducing mutants (carS). Nitrogen starvation increased carotenoid accumulation in all strains tested. In carS strains, gibberellin and bikaverin biosynthesis patterns differed from those of the wild type and paralleled the expression of key genes for both pathways, coding for geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and kaurene synthases for the former and a polyketide synthase for the latter. These results suggest regulatory connections between carotenoid biosynthesis and nitrogen-controlled biosynthetic pathways in this fungus. Expression of gene ggs1, which encodes a second GGPP synthase, was also derepressed in the carS mutants, suggesting the participation of Ggs1 in carotenoid biosynthesis. The carS mutations did not affect genes for earlier steps of the terpenoid pathway, such as fppS or hmgR. Light induced carotenoid biosynthesis in the wild type and carRA and carB levels in the wild-type and carS strains irrespective of nitrogen availability.

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Gibberellin biosynthesis inGibberella

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA

A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA

Characterization of a gene in the car cluster of Fusarium fujikuroi that codes for a protein of the carotenoid oxygenase family

Regulation of Carotenogenesis and Secondary Metabolism by Nitrogen in Wild-Type Fusarium fujikuroi and Carotenoid-Overproducing Mutants

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