Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compaction

Breland, Tor Arvid; Hansen, Sissel

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00154-9

Cited by 148 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The smaller soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization in response to increased compaction can be attributed to greater physical protection of SOM. Breland & Hansen (1996) reported that compaction reduced total porosity and altered pore size distribution, favoring the contribution of smaller pores, which could physically protect organic materials from microbial degradation. In compacted soils the smaller pore size obstructs soil solution movement and aeration and thus the activity of decomposing organisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These adverse effects of soil compaction on microbial activity seem to result mainly from losses in biopores and other macropores connectivity (Whalley et al, 1995). Low O 2 concentration (< 2-5 %) (Parr & Reuszer, 1962) and low macroporosity (< 10 %) (Linn & Doran, 1984) cause a reduction in the aerobic microbial activity, and may favor N losses by denitrification (Breland & Hansen, 1996;Jensen et al, 1996a;Ruser et al, 2006). Accordingly, soil respiration (CO 2 production) is a useful indicator of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition (Hassink, 1994;Lee et al, 1996), by both aerobic and anaerobic microbes, which is a clear advantage over techniques based on O 2 uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of compaction on microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen transformations in two oxisols with different mineralogy

Silva¹,

Silva

Barros

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYThe use of machinery in agricultural and forest management activities frequently increases soil compaction, resulting in greater soil density and microporosity, which in turn reduces hydraulic conductivity and O 2 and CO 2 diffusion rates, among other negative effects. Thus, soil compaction has the potential to affect soil microbial activity and the processes involved in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. This study was carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the effect of soil compaction on microbial activity and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization. Two Oxisols with different mineralogy were utilized: a clayey oxidic-gibbsitic Typic Acrustox and a clayey kaolinitic Xantic Haplustox (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo ácrico -LVA, and Latossolo Amarelo distrófico -LA, respectively, in the Brazil Soil Classification System). Eight treatments (compaction levels) were assessed for each soil type in a complete block design, with six repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of PVC rings (height 6 cm, internal diameter 4.55 cm, volume 97.6 cm 3 ). The PVC rings were filled with enough soil mass to reach a final density of 1.05 and 1.10 kg dm -3 , respectively, in the LVA and LA. Then the soil samples were wetted (0.20 kg kg -1 = 80 % of field capacity) and compacted by a hydraulic press at pressures of 0, 60, 120, 240, 360, 540, 720 and 900 kPa. After soil compression the new bulk density was calculated according to the new volume occupied by the soil. Subsequently each PVC ring was placed within a 1 L plastic pot which was then tightly closed. The soils were incubated under aerobic conditions for 35 days and the basal respiration rate (CO 2 -C production) was estimated in the last two weeks. After the incubation period, the following soil chemical and microbiological properties were --N in the LA and CO 2 -C in the LVA. It also decreased the C MIC at higher compaction levels in the LA. Thus, soil compaction decreases the TOC turnover probably due to increased physical protection of soil organic matter and lower aerobic microbial activity. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that under controlled conditions, the oxidic-gibbsitic Oxisol (LVA) was more susceptible to the effects of high compaction than the kaolinitic (LA) as far as organic matter cycling is concerned; and compaction pressures above 540 kPa reduced the total and organic nitrogen in the kaolinitic soil (LA), which was attributed to gaseous N losses.Index terms: soil bulk density, carbon mineralization, net N mineralization, microbial biomass carbon. de 0, 60, 120, 240, 360, 540, 720 (COT), RESUMO: EFEITO DA COMPACTAÇÃO SOBRE A ATIVIDADE MICROBIANA E TRANSFORMAÇÕES DO CARBONO E NITROGÊNIO EM DOIS LATOSSOLOS COM DISTINTAS MINERALOGIAS A mecanização em atividades agrícolas e florestais tem incrementado a compactação do solo, o que resulta no aumento da densidade e microporosidade, bem como na redução da condutividade hidráulica e das taxas de difusão de O 2 e CO 2 , entre outros efeitos negativos. Assim, a compac...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of compaction on microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen transformations in two oxisols with different mineralogy

Silva¹,

Silva

Barros

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On one hand, compaction led to a higher bulk density in the compacted soil compared to the uncompacted soil. Noteworthily, increased Table 1 Mean (±SE, n =3) microbial respiration and DEA for the uncompacted and compacted soils at three specific sampling times bulk density, in many studies, has been shown to decrease CO 2 production by (a) diminishing soil aeration and subsequently restricting the associated microbial activity (Pengthamkeerati et al 2005;Silva et al 2011), (b) improving the proportion of small pores which could physically protect soil organic matter against microbial degradation (Breland and Hansen 1996), and (c) reducing gas diffusivity (Shestak and Busse 2005). However, on the other hand, compaction also caused a higher WFPS in the compacted soil (59 %) than the uncompacted soil (25 %).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction stimulates denitrification in an urban park soil using 15N tracing technique

Deng

Rensing

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Soils in urban areas are subjected to compaction with accelerating urbanization. The effects of anthropogenic compaction on urban soil denitrification are largely unknown. We conducted a study on an urban park soil to investigate how compaction impacts denitrification. By using 15 N labeling method and acetylene inhibition technique, we performed three coherent incubation experiments to quantify denitrification in compacted soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Uncompacted soil was set as the control treatment. When monitoring soil incubation without extra substrate, higher nitrous oxide (N 2 O) flux and denitrification enzyme activity were observed in the compacted soil than in the uncompacted soil. In aerobic incubation with the addition of K 15 NO 3 , N 2 O production in the compacted soil reached 10.11 ng N h −1 g −1 as compared to 0.02 ng N h −1 g −1 in the uncompacted soil. Denitrification contributed 96 % of the emitted N 2 O in the compacted soil and 36 % of the emitted N 2 O in the uncompacted soil; total denitrification rate was higher in the compacted soil (up to 79.35 ng N h −1 g −1 ) than in the uncompacted soil (0.11 ng N h −1 g −1 ). Under anaerobic incubation with the addition of K 15 NO 3 , no statistical difference in total N losses and 15 N-(N 2 O+N 2 ) flux between the uncompacted soil and the compacted soil was detected. Compaction promoted soil denitrification and may impact urban N biogeochemical cycling.

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“…Compaction implies an increase in soil bulk density and in soil strength and consequently a decrease in air permeability and hydraulic conductivity (Whalley et al, 1995). As a result, N mineralization is reduced (Breland and Hansen, 1996). Moreover, compaction also affected microbial activity by reducing acid phosphatase (Jordan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microbial Community Changes in Wooded Mountain Pastures due to Simulated Effects of Cattle Grazing

et al. 2005

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The effect of cattle activity on pastures can be subdivided into three categories of disturbances: herbage removal, dunging and trampling. The objective of this study was to assess separately or in combination the effect of these factors on the potential activities of soil microbial communities and to compare these effects with those of soil properties and plant composition or biomass. Controlled treatments simulating the three factors were applied in a fenced area including a light gradient (sunny and shady situation): (i) repeated mowing; (ii) trampling; (iii) fertilizing with a liquid mixture of dung and urine. In the third year of the experiment, community level physiological profiles (CLPP) (Biolog Ecoplatesä) were measured for each plots. Furthermore soil chemical properties (pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus), plant species composition and plant biomass were also assessed. Despite differences in plant communities and soil properties, the metabolic potential of the microbial community in the sunny and in the shady situations were similar. Effects of treatments on microbial communities were more pronounced in the sunny than in the shady situation. In both cases, repeated mowing was the first factor retained for explaining functional variations. In contrast, fertilizing was not a significant factor. The vegetation explained a high proportion of variation of the microbial community descriptors in the sunny situation, while no significant variation appeared under shady condition. The three components of cattle activities influenced differently the soil microbial communities and this depended on the light conditions within the wooded pasture. Cattle activities may also change spatially at a fine scale and short-term and induce changes in the microbial community structure. Thus, the shifting mosaic that has been described for the vegetation of pastures may also apply for below-ground microbial communities.

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Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compaction

Cited by 148 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of compaction on microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen transformations in two oxisols with different mineralogy

Effect of compaction on microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen transformations in two oxisols with different mineralogy

Compaction stimulates denitrification in an urban park soil using 15N tracing technique

Soil Microbial Community Changes in Wooded Mountain Pastures due to Simulated Effects of Cattle Grazing

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