Nitrogen Metabolism in Grapevine

Roubelakis‐Angelakis, Kalliopi A.; Kliewer, W. M.

doi:10.1002/9780470650523.ch9

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…2). The GS/GOGAT cycle is considered to play a predominant role in the assimilation of ammonium in higher plants (Miflin and Lea 1974, Stewart et al 1980, Lea et al 1990, Roubelakis-Angelakis and Kliewer 1992, Lea et al 1992, Lam et al 1996. The first enzyme, GS catalyses the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia.…”

Section: Ammonium Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several reviews on nitrogen metabolism of woody plants, including that of Titus and Kang (1982) on apple, Kato (1986) on citrus, Korcak (1989) on blueberries and other calcifuges, on grapevine, RoubelakisAngelakis and Kliewer (1992) and conifers, Canovas et al (2007). Other general reviews on nitrogen metabolism in plants include Oaks and Long (1992), Oaks (1994), Lea and Ireland (1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Advancements in Nitrogen Metabolism in Grapevine

Loulakakis¹,

Morot‐Gaudry

Velanis

et al. 2009

Grapevine Molecular Physiology &Amp; Biotechnology

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Section: Ammonium Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Advancements in Nitrogen Metabolism in Grapevine

Loulakakis¹,

Morot‐Gaudry

Velanis

et al. 2009

Grapevine Molecular Physiology &Amp; Biotechnology

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“…However, former results have shown that other N-forms, such as urea and amino acids, can also be assimilated by the vine (Lang et al, 2018). The uptake and assimilation of these different N-forms in grapevines depend largely on the genetic prerequisite and on the developmental status of the plant (Roubelakis-Angelakis and Kliewer, 1992). An overview of the N uptake and assimilation process in plant cells of higher plants and therefore also of grapevines is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation in grapevine rootstock in response to N‐form and timing

Lang

Bárdos

Merkt

et al. 2019

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background and Aims: Rootstocks play an essential role in grapevine scion growth and development. They influence water and nutrient uptake and affect biomass allocation of the scion and the grape berry composition connected with wine quality. Nitrogen (N) can be taken up by the roots in various forms such as nitrate, ammonium or urea. These N-forms and their possible differential assimilation directly and indirectly influence grapevine vegetative and generative growth. N assimilation is driven by N acquiring enzymes such as nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamine synthetase (GS). This assimilation physiology can be influenced by factors such as light conditions or substrate availability. Methods: Hydroponically grown grapevine rootstocks were fertilized with various N-forms, namely calcium nitrate (CaN), ammonium (AM), urea (UR), and glutamine (Gln). The transcript expression of the enzymes NR, NiR and GS and the enzymatic nitrate reductase activity (eNRA) were examined at various time points (0 h, 3 h, and 6 h) after N application. Results and Conclusion: The data suggest that the grapevine rootstock SO4 has the ability to assimilate the amino acid Gln. Furthermore, AM, UR, and in some organs Gln, can regulate the co-enzymes NR and NiR, both of which function as activators of the NO À 3 assimilation process. The eNRA is clearly defined by the plant organ.

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“…During berry maturation, leaves provide a source of organic N toward fruit N accumulation (Rossouw et al ). However, other grapevine organs, such as roots and shoots, are also sources of N during this period (Roubelakis‐Angelakis and Kliewer ), and soil N uptake by the potted grapevines of the present study also seems likely. Redistribution of N from source organs other than the leaves, and/or from soil N uptake, therefore, supported the accumulation of berry N, irrespective of the leaf area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…During berry maturation, the accumulation of large quantities of sugars takes place (Davies and Robinson ). Furthermore, berry Nitrogen (N) (Roubelakis‐Angelakis and Kliewer ) and anthocyanin (Boss et al ) incorporation also occurs, while the organic acid content declines (Degu et al ). Leaf photoassimilation yields soluble sugars, which are translocated to the fruit, mostly as sucrose, where it is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (Davies and Robinson ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitis vinifera berry metabolic composition during maturation: Implications of defoliation

Rossouw

Šuklje

Smith

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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Leaves are an important contributor toward berry sugar and nitrogen (N) accumulation, and leaf area, therefore, affects fruit composition during grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berry ripening. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of leaf presence on key berry quality attributes in conjunction with the accumulation of primary berry metabolites. Shortly after the start of véraison (berry ripening), potted grapevines were defoliated (total defoliation and 25% of the control), and the accumulation of berry soluble solids, N and anthocyanins were compared to that of a full leaf area control. An untargeted approach was undertaken to measure the content in primary metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Partial and full defoliation resulted in reduced berry sugar and anthocyanin accumulation, while total berry N content was unaffected. The juice yeast assimilable N (YAN), however, increased upon partial and full defoliation. Remobilized carbohydrate reserves allowed accumulation of the major berry sugars during the absence of leaf photoassimilation. Berry anthocyanin biosynthesis was strongly inhibited by defoliation, which could relate to the carbon (C) source limitation and/or increased bunch exposure. Arginine accumulation, likely resulting from reserve translocation, contributed to increased YAN upon defoliation. Furthermore, assessing the implications on various products of the shikimate pathway suggests the C flux through this pathway to be largely affected by leaf source limitation during fruit maturation. This study provides a novel investigation of impacts of leaf C and N source presence during berry maturation, on the development of key berry quality parameters as underlined by alterations in primary metabolism.

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Nitrogen Metabolism in Grapevine

Cited by 46 publications

References 92 publications

Advancements in Nitrogen Metabolism in Grapevine

Advancements in Nitrogen Metabolism in Grapevine

Expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation in grapevine rootstock in response to N‐form and timing

Vitis vinifera berry metabolic composition during maturation: Implications of defoliation

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