Expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation in grapevine rootstock in response to N‐form and timing

Lang, Carina P.; Bárdos, Gyöngyi; Merkt, Nikolaus; Zörb, Christian

doi:10.1002/jpln.201900425

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These pathways involve the fixing of ammonia into organic compounds and enhanced formation of amino acids and amides from NH 3 and keto acids. The complex degradation involves two routes; the reduction of amine of a keto acid to produce amino acid in the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.4.1.3), the incorporation of NH 3 into glutamine by glutamine synthetase (E.C.6.3.1.2) and transfer of the amide-amino group into α-ketoglutarate by α-ketoglutarate amino transferase (E.C.2.6.1.53) that is readily available for plant [ 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Insight into the Community Structure of Maize-Rhizosphere Bacteria as Predicted by Different Environmental Factors and Their Functioning within Plant Proximity

Akinola

Babalola

2021

Microorganisms

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The rhizosphere microbiota contributes immensely to nutrient sequestration, productivity and plant growth. Several studies have suggested that environmental factors and high nutrient composition of plant’s rhizosphere influence the structural diversity of proximal microorganisms. To verify this assertion, we compare the functional diversity of bacteria in maize rhizosphere and bulk soils using shotgun metagenomics and assess the influence of measured environmental variables on bacterial diversity. Our study showed that the bacterial community associated with each sampling site was distinct, with high community members shared among the samples. The bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia. In comparison, genera such as Gemmatimonas, Streptomyces, Conexibacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Gemmata, Mesorhizobium, Pseudomonas and Micromonospora were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high in the rhizosphere soils compared to bulk soils. Diversity indices showed that the bacterial composition was significantly different across the sites. The forward selection of environmental factors predicted N-NO3 (p = 0.019) as the most influential factor controlling the variation in the bacterial community structure, while other factors such as pH (p = 1.00) and sulfate (p = 0.50) contributed insignificantly to the community structure of bacteria. Functional assessment of the sampling sites, considering important pathways viz. nitrogen metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, stress responses, and iron acquisition and metabolism could be represented as Ls > Rs > Rc > Lc. This revealed that functional hits are higher in the rhizosphere soil than their controls. Taken together, inference from this study shows that the sampling sites are hotspots for biotechnologically important microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Insight into the Community Structure of Maize-Rhizosphere Bacteria as Predicted by Different Environmental Factors and Their Functioning within Plant Proximity

Akinola

Babalola

2021

Microorganisms

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“…The target amplicons were 157 to 161 bp in length. Furthermore, the primer for actin (AF369525.1) (Lang et al 2020) as the second reference gene and NCED1 (NM_001281270.1) (Wheeler et al 2009) and NCED2 (AY337614) (Speirs et al 2013) as the target genes were used (Table 1). Alignments for the different nucleotide sequences of one gene were designed by Clustal Omega [EMBL‐EBI (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total RNA was extracted from 10 mg of freeze‐dried plant material ( n = 6) according to Lang et al (2020) with minor modifications. The RNA integrity was checked by electrophoresis using 1.5% agarose gels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic acid and proline are not equivalent markers for heat, drought and combined stress in grapevines

Lehr

Hernández‐Montes

Ludwig‐Müller

et al. 2021

Aust J Grape and Wine Res

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Background and Aims Viticulture will be particularly affected by increasing drought and heat waves in the future. It is of interest to find traits that indicate stress before symptoms become apparent. We investigated whether the commonly used traits, proline and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, are suitable markers for heat, drought or combined stress and whether gene expression of key enzymes of ABA biosynthesis is regulated in grapevine leaves under these stress conditions. Methods and Results Plant growth and gas exchange were measured to evaluate plant reactions to increased temperature and water deficit. Proline and ABA concentration in leaf material was measured, respectively, photometrically and with GC/MS. Gene expression analysis of NCED1, NCED2 and P5CS was done by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Drought stress had a stronger effect on growth, gas exchange, proline, and ABA biosynthesis than heat stress. An interaction between heat and drought stress was observed for gas exchange and for proline biosynthesis. Conclusions Proline concentration and gene expression of P5CS are good markers for combined stress. The concentration of ABA is a suitable marker for drought stress and might be a suitable marker for combined stress. Gene expression of NCED1 in leaves was a good marker for drought stress and might be a suitable marker for combined stress, whereas NCED2 was not suitable. Significance of the Study These results provide insight into the response of grapevines to heat, drought and combined stress and show the suitability of ABA and proline as stress markers.

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“…The process is performed by the well-characterized pathway that involves the reduction of NO 3 − to NH 4 + through two steps catalyzed by nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) and the subsequent assimilation catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), finally producing glutamic acid [ 1 , 22 ]. The contribution of the two organs depends on several factors, like N availability, C metabolism (i.e., availability of C skeletons), environmental conditions, tissue age and others [ 2 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Moreover, NO 3 − assimilation shows several connections with other biochemical pathways and responses, among which are amino acid metabolism, redox status and pH homeostasis [ 2 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Proteomic Changes in the Roots of M4 Grapevine Rootstock in Response to Nitrate Availability

Prinsi

Muratore

Espen

2021

Plants

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In agricultural soils, nitrate (NO3−) is the major nitrogen (N) nutrient for plants, but few studies have analyzed molecular and biochemical responses involved in its acquisition by grapevine roots. In viticulture, considering grafting, NO3− acquisition is strictly dependent on rootstock. To improve the knowledge about N nutrition in grapevine, this study analyzed biochemical and proteomic changes induced by, NO3− availability, in a hydroponic system, in the roots of M4, a recently selected grapevine rootstock. The evaluation of biochemical parameters, such as NO3−, sugar and amino acid contents in roots, and the abundance of nitrate reductase, allowed us to define the time course of the metabolic adaptations to NO3− supply. On the basis of these results, the proteomic analysis was conducted by comparing the root profiles in N-starved plants and after 30 h of NO3− resupply. The analysis quantified 461 proteins, 26% of which differed in abundance between conditions. Overall, this approach highlighted, together with an increased N assimilatory metabolism, a concomitant rise in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, needed to fulfill the redox power and carbon skeleton demands, respectively. Moreover, a wide modulation of protein and amino acid metabolisms and changes of proteins involved in root development were observed. Finally, some results open new questions about the importance of redox-related post-translational modifications and of NO3− availability in modulating the dialog between root and rhizosphere.

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Expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation in grapevine rootstock in response to N‐form and timing

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Metagenomic Insight into the Community Structure of Maize-Rhizosphere Bacteria as Predicted by Different Environmental Factors and Their Functioning within Plant Proximity

Metagenomic Insight into the Community Structure of Maize-Rhizosphere Bacteria as Predicted by Different Environmental Factors and Their Functioning within Plant Proximity

Abscisic acid and proline are not equivalent markers for heat, drought and combined stress in grapevines

Biochemical and Proteomic Changes in the Roots of M4 Grapevine Rootstock in Response to Nitrate Availability

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