Nitrogen management of spring milling wheat underseeded with red clover

Nass, H. G.; Papadopolous, Y. A.; MacLeod, John; Walker, D. F.

doi:10.4141/p01-142

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…However, grain yield and protein content, crucial for high value wheat, increase with increasing amounts of supplemental nitrogen [82]. Doubling the nitrogen fertilization from 25 to 50 kg N ha −1 resulted in a significant reduction in red clover biomass (8.8%) in one year out of six in Ontario [83].…”

Section: Cereal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review

et al. 2013

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Abstract:In light of the environmental challenges ahead, resilience of the most abundant field crop production systems must be improved to guarantee yield stability with more efficient use of nitrogen inputs, soil and water resources. Along with genetic and agronomic innovations, diversification of northern agro-ecosystems using inter-seeded legumes provides further opportunities to improve land management practices that sustain crop yields and their resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Benefits of legume cover crops have been known for decades and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is one of the most common and beneficial when frost-seeded under winter wheat in advance of maize in a rotation. However, its use has been declining mostly due to the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, concerns over competition with the main crop and the inability to fully capture red clover benefits due to difficulties in the persistence of uniform stands. In this manuscript, we first review the environmental, agronomic, rotational and economical benefits associated with inter-seeded red clover. Red clover adaptation to a wide array of common wheat-based rotations, its potential to mitigate the effects of land degradation in a changing climate and its integration into sustainable food production systems are discussed. We then identify areas of research with significant potential to impact cropping system profitability and sustainability.

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Section: Cereal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review

et al. 2013

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“…Protein content is a function of the quantity of nitrogen (N) available to the wheat plant (Holford et al 1992) in combination with climatic conditions. In the Maritime Provinces, supplemental N must be added in order to reach the protein level of 13.5%, which is desired for milling wheat (Nass et al 2002). The addition of N can increase several components of wheat yield: heads m Á2 , kernels head Á1 and in some cases kernel weight (Hay and Dele´colle 1989).…”

Section: á1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring wheat yield response to variable seeding rates in organic farming systems at different fertility regimes

Beavers¹,

Hammermeister²,

Frick³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. Spring wheat yield response to variable seeding rates in organic farming systems at different fertility regimes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 43Á52. Seeding rates in organic systems should balance a crop's competitive ability while maintaining grain yield and quality. A 2-yr study assessed the response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to variable seeding rates (1) conventionally recommended rate, 1.25 ), 1.5 ) and 2 )) in a plot experiment in Nova Scotia and on organic farms across Canada. The plot experiment was a two-factor factorial assessing seeding rate and fertility. For the Canada-wide experiment, the four seeding rates were completely randomized on each farm. Wheat yield was highest at the 2 ) seeding rate in 2003, but average crop emergence across all treatment combinations was only 56%. In 2004, crop emergence was 76% and the 1.25 ), 1.5) and 2 ) seeding rates had greater yield than the 1 ) rate. Seeding rate affected plant density and heads per square metre, but no differences were observed among rates for kernels per head or thousand kernel weight. Grain protein content was similar among seeding rates and was increased by the high fertility treatment. On farms, a 1.25 ) seeding rate was sufficient to maximize yield when averaged across all sites. Increasing seeding rate by at least 1.25 ) the conventionally recommended rate appears to be an appropriate management practice for organic production.Key words: wheat (spring), seeding rate, crop density, organic agriculture Beavers, R. L, Hammermeister, A. M., Frick, B., Astatkie, T. et R. C. Martin. 2008. Re´action du rendement du ble´de printemps a`une densite´de semis variable dans les syste`mes de culture biologique sous diffe´rents re´gimes de fertilisation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 43Á52. En agriculture biologique, la densite´des semis devrait faire la part entre la compe´titivite´de la culture et le maintien de la qualite´du grain ainsi que du rendement. Pendant deux ans, les auteurs ont e´value´la re´action du ble´de printemps (Triticum aestivum L.) a`une densite´de semis variable (1 ), 1,25), 1,5 ) et 2 ) la densite´recommande´e) sur une parcelle expe´rimentale, en Nouvelle-É cosse, et sur des fermes pratiquant l'agriculture biologique, un peu partout au Canada. L'expe´rience sur parcelle pre´voyait l'e´valuation factorielle de la densite´des semis selon deux parame`tres et la fertilite´. Pour l'expe´rience pancanadienne, la densite´de semis a e´te´choisie entie`rement au hasard parmi les quatre pre´cite´es, pour chaque exploitation. Le ble´a connu son meilleur rendement a`la densite´2 ) en 2003, mais le taux de leve´e moyen pour l'ensemble des combinaisons n'e´tait que de 56 %. En 2004, le taux de leve´e s'est e´tabli a`76 % et les densite´s 1,25 ), 1,5 ) et 2 ) ont donne´un meilleur rendement que la densite´1). La densite´de semis affecte la densite´du peuplement et le nombre d'e´pis au me`tre carre´, mais pas le nombre de grains par e´pi ni le poids de mille grains. La teneur en prote´ines du grain est similaire, peu importe la densite´de...

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“…In conventional systems, splitting applications of N fertilizer to include in‐season topdress applications has been shown to increase grain protein content and baking quality (Brown et al, 2005; Knowles et al, 1994; Peltonen and Virtanen, 1994; Randall et al, 1990), as well as reduce N losses (Sowers et al, 1994). For instance, topdressing at heading increased grain protein, dough properties, and baking quality for irrigated wheat grown in Australia (Randall et al, 1990), and application of supplemental N fertilizer at stem elongation increased the probability that rain‐fed hard red spring wheat grown in eastern Canada met a milling standard of 13.5% protein although environmental factors sometimes interfered (Nass et al, 2002, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

In‐Season Nitrogen Effects on Organic Hard Red Winter Wheat Yield and Quality

Mallory

Darby

2013

Agronomy Journal

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Ensuring adequate available N for grain protein development is a primary challenge for organic production of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Topdressing organic wheat in‐season may improve grain yield and quality. The objective of this study was to determine if supplemental N topdressing at key wheat developmental stages would improve organic hard red winter wheat yield and protein concentrations. Field experiments were conducted over 4 site‐years from 2009 to 2011 in Maine and Vermont, using the variety Harvard. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two organic‐approved N sources (Chilean nitrate, CN, and dehydrated poultry litter, DPL) and three times of application (tillering, flag leaf, and boot stages). Plant N uptake, grain yield, and grain protein concentration were determined. Plant‐accumulated N was always higher in the CN treatments than in the DPL and manure‐only treatments. The CN topdress treatments yielded on average 11% more than the manure‐only treatment and 6% more than DPL treatments. Topdressing increased grain protein concentration in all cases, although none of the treatments reached the 120 g kg–1 milling standard, due in part to variety Harvard being a low‐protein, high‐yielding variety. Chilean nitrate was more effective at increasing grain protein levels than DPL, and for both N sources, later applications were more effective than earlier ones. Topdressing could be a cost‐effective strategy to boost grain protein levels for organic winter wheat production, but further work is needed to evaluate topdressing with higher protein varieties and identify additional rapidly‐available and economical organic approved N sources.

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Nitrogen management of spring milling wheat underseeded with red clover

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review

Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review

Spring wheat yield response to variable seeding rates in organic farming systems at different fertility regimes

In‐Season Nitrogen Effects on Organic Hard Red Winter Wheat Yield and Quality

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