CWRS cultivars in western Canada (Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food, and Rural Revitalization, 2003) are An increasing number of western Canadian hard red spring wheat described as PI (CDC Teal, Hughes and Hucl, 1993; cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) are photoperiod insensitive, in part, AC Eatonia, de Pauw et al., 1994; AC Elsa, Clarke et to accommodate short day winter nurseries within breeding programs. The objective of this study was to compare the agronomic performance al., 1997; AC Intrepid, de Pauw et al., 1999; AC Abbey, of near-isogenic photoperiod sensitive (PS) and insensitive (PI) hard de Pauw et al., 2000). Photoperiod response is of interest red spring wheat lines over 21 environments (1996)(1997)(1998) to determine to plant breeders in northern latitudes as PS cultivars if insensitivity had an effect on agronomic performance. Eight PS have provided good yield stability, local adaptation, and and eight PI isogenic lines within each of three genetic backgrounds high productivity in northern areas of North America including AC Minto, CDC Makwa, and SWP5304 were evaluated. (Busch et al., 1984; Knott, 1986). Photoperiod types The dominant allele Ppd-D1 conferred insensitivity to PI lines. The are classified as PS, which require long days for timely experimental design was a randomized complete block design with flowering, or PI, which can be grown successfully in three replications. Testing environments included Fort Vermillion, long or short day environments. Scarth and Law (1984) AB (58؇ N), Dawson Creek, BC (55؇ N), Saskatoon, SK (52؇ N), Elrose, reported that three genes control photoperiod in wheat SK (51؇ N), Elgin, MB (49؇ N), Bozeman, MT (45؇ N), Ste. Foy, QC (46؇ N), Charlottetown, PE (46؇ N), Guelph, ON (43؇ N), and Akron, including Ppd-D1 located on the long arm of chromo-CO (40؇ N). Measurements were made on 11 traits including final leaf some 2D, Ppd-B1 on the short arm of 2B, and Ppd-A1 number, days to heading and maturity, plant height, grain yield, kernel located on the long arm of 2A. The dominant alleles weight, spikelets per spike (total, fertile, and sterile), seeds per spike, Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1, and Ppd-D1 (formerly Ppd3, Ppd2, and yield per spike. Generally, PS lines were later in heading andand Ppd1, respectively) confer insensitivity to photopematurity, taller, initiated more leaves and spikelet primordia, and 5% riod whereas the recessive alleles (ppd-A1, ppd-B1, and higher yielding. Genetic backgrounds differed significantly in all traits, ppd-D1; formerly ppd3, ppd2, and ppd1, respectively) except final leaf number and grain yield. Significant, noncrossover, confer sensitivity. The potency of the group 2 photopephotoperiod response type ϫ genetic background interactions were riod genes for insensitivity has been ranked in the order observed only for fertile spikelets per spike and seeds per spike. Our Ppd-D1 Ͼ Ppd-B1 Ͼ Ppd-A1 (Worland, 1996).
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe cultivars of spring wheat used in this study (
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used to characterize the genetic diversity among 35 spring wheat cultivars and lines with different levels of Fusarium resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine RAPD-based genetic similarity between accessions and to derive associations between Fusarium head blight (FHB) and RAPD markers. Two bulked DNA from either highly resistant lines or susceptible lines were used to screen polymorphic primers. Out of 160 screened primers, 17 primers generated reproducible and polymorphic fragments. Genetic similarity calculated from the RAPD data ranged from 0.64 to 0.98. A dendrogram was prepared on the basis of a similarity matrix using the UPGMA algorithm, which corresponded well with the results of principal component analysis and separated the 35 genotypes into two groups. Association analysis between RAPD markers and the FHB index detected three RAPD markers, H19(1000), F2(500) and B1(2400), significantly associated with FHB-resistant genotypes. These results suggest that a collection of unrelated genotypes can be used to identify markers linked to an agronomically important quantitative trait like FHB. These markers will be useful for marker-assistant breeding and can be used as candidate markers for further gene mapping and cloning.
Eight winter wheat, one triticale, and three fall rye cultivars with mean lethal temperature (LT50) values from −5.5 to −20.0 °C were harvested in late November and analyzed for fructans. Fructose, sucrose, and oligofructans with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 6 or lower were found in all cultivars. The concentration of DP 4 fructan was higher than that of DP 5 in winter wheat and triticale, while the opposite trend was found in fall rye. Fructans with a DP of 7 or higher (high DP fructans) were found at high concentrations in hardy winter wheat and fall rye. The high DP fructan was very low or negligible in the least hardy winter wheat cultivar 'Super X'. Fructans in winter cereals consisted mainly of inulin type with a β-2-1 linkage. The activity of phlein sucrase, which catalyzes synthesis of phlein, was much lower in winter cereals compared with phlein-rich grasses. It was concluded that high DP fructans of inulin type in basal top tissues of winter cereals were more closely associated with freezing resistance than low DP fructans.
Ness, H' G. 1973 o"epi. pu, plant qui ont le plus r6duit la variance des renderients dans une analyse p'ar la rn6thode de rdgression 6chelonn6e' Ces deux composantes du rendement ont montre une corr6lation n6gative' On a pu 6tablir uneielation entre I'indice de moisson, le nombre de grains par 6pi, le poids du grain, et le rendement par 6pi. ies ca.actdres morphologiques ont eu un effet indirect sur le rendem."t C., p-""ff.r, c,est-i-dire, que la surface des 6pis, ra largeur de ra dernidre feuirle, "i iu-r,r.tuc" ptoto_ synth6tique totale au-dessus du noeud de la dernidre feuille ont montr6 une corr6lation avec.le rendement par 6pi.
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