Nitrogen management alternatives using Azospirillum brasilense in wheat

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate nitrogen management alternatives using Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by seed and foliar applications. Treatments consisted of the inoculation or not of A. brasilense, via seed and leaves, associated with topdressing with 0, 70, and 140 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Three wheat cultivars were tested: BRS Parrudo, TBIO Quartzo, and TBIO Sinuelo. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with three replicates. The following traits were evaluated: number of emerged plants, tillers, spikelets per ear, grains per ear, and grains per spikelet; 1,000-grain mass; hectoliter mass; and grain yield. The foliar management of A. brasilense showed a better association with the TBIO Sinuelo cultivar. The foliar application of A. brasilense, whether alone or combined with seed treatment, increases the grain yield and yield components of the evaluated cultivars.

𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘮 𝘣𝘳𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘦 Association With Stimulators on Wheat Crop

“…The treatments means did not differ statistically between each other, as in the researches from Mumbach et al (2017) and Nunes et al (2015), who did not find significant difference for this variable even in soil with low availability of N. Pereira et al (2016) observed that in all treatments in which the inoculation of the A. brasilense was conducted, they presented higher number of grains per cob when compared to the treatments without inoculation, correlating with the increase of grains productivity, similar to the results of Munareto et al (2019).…”

“…Mumbach et al(2017)found similar results for number of cobs, indicating good effects to the plant when the association of nitrogen fertilization with inoculation and use of stimulators was conducted. In accord with results found byMunareto et al (2019), the reduction of nitrogen fertilization is also possible, without prejudice to number of cobs when the inoculation with A. brasilense was conducted. Similarly, Mendes et al (2011) did not found significant differences for the variables number of tillers, number of cobs, one thousand grains mass when reducing the nitrogen fertilization on in the treatments containing the A. brasilense bacteria.…”

“…bacteria. It is verified that there are no negative effects on aerial part dry mass, root dry mass, height, cobs per square meter, and also on productivity (MUNARETO et al, 2019;KAPPES et al, 2013).…”

Organic and Mineral Source of Nitrogen Associated With Azospirillum brasilense in Culture of Wheat

“…For the PH, its growth occurred due to the use of nitrogen on the early stages of development, because it rises the production of phytohormones of growing promotion as the auxins and therefore, increasing the cell expansion and division (Alves et al, 2017), the same behavior was observed for the EL, due to the using of the nitrogen fertilization. As for the NSE, according to Demari et al (2016), the management of the N influences the NSE, besides that often the soil conditions that provide a propitious environment for the plants, make any response impossible due to the implemented management practices (Munareto et al, 2019).…”

“…This may be associated with the availability factor of N in the soil, since this element is responsible for the production and maintenance of the leaf area and consequently, increased the photosynthetic capacity of the plant increasing the drain of photoassimilates for the grain. The HW also experiences variations due to the genotype-environment interaction (Franceschi et al, 2009), high levels of precipitation at the end of the reproductive period or even the lodging of the crop leaving the ears close to the ground receiving constant moisture, activate enzymatic processes in the seed (Munareto et al, 2019). According to Franceschi et al (2009), when the enzymes are active, they make changes in the proteins and starch of the seeds, initiating the germination process, thus reducing its quality.…”