Nitrogen Fractions in Selected Feedstuffs

Krishnamoorthy, U.; Muscato, T.V.; Sniffen, C.J.; Soest, P.J. Van

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82180-2

Cited by 528 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Length of each particle retained on the top screen was manually measured to determine average particle length of this screen according to ASABE (2007) procedure. Chemical analyses of forage and grain included DM, ash, minerals, CP, ADF (Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 2000), NDF with alpha amylase pretreatment (Van Soest et al, 1991), acid-detergent insoluble lignin (Goering and Van Soest, 1970) and soluble CP (Krishnamoorthy et al, 1982). Whatman 934-AH glass micro-fiber filters (Whatman Laboratory Products Inc., Clifton, NJ, USA) with 1.5 mm particle retention in place of fitted glass crucible, were used for ADF, NDF and lignin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forage particle length on rumen fermentation, sorting and chewing activity of late-lactation and non-lactating dairy cows

Suarez-Mena

Zanton

Heinrichs

2013

Animal

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying forage particle length on chewing activity, sorting behavior, rumen pH and rumen fill in late lactation and dry dairy cattle, fed rations with similar physically effective NDF but different mean particle length. Treatments consisted of three diets differing only in geometric mean length of forage: hay (5.40, 8.96 and 77.90 mm, for short (S), medium (M) and long (L) diets, respectively) for Experiment 1 (E1), and straw (10.16, 24.68 and 80.37 mm) for S, M and L diets, respectively, for Experiment 2 (E2). Hay or straw comprised the sole source of forage (50% and 75% of ration dry matter (DM) for E1 and E2, respectively). Both experiments used three rumen cannulated Holstein dairy cows, in late lactation for E1 and dry in E2, with 3 3 3 Latin square designs with 14 day periods. In E1, DM intake (DMI; 18.3 6 2.1 kg/day; mean 6 s.e.), pH (6.4 6 0.1), time spent eating (280 6 22.5 min/day), time spent ruminating (487 6 17 min/day), and total time spent chewing (767 6 34 min/day) were not different, whereas eating minutes per kilogram of DMI and NDF intake (NDFI) tended to increase linearly as forage length increased. Rumen digesta volume (l; 113.3 S, 117.8 M and 114.4 L 6 17.1) had a quadratic response, and rumen digesta weight tended to respond quadratically; however, differences were numerically small. In E2, DMI (8.3 6 1.3 kg/day), pH (6.7 6 0.1), time spent eating (236 6 23.5 min/day), time spent ruminating (468 6 45.2 min/day), total time spent chewing (704 6 67.7 min/day) and minutes per kilogram NDFI were not different, whereas minutes per kilogram of DMI had a trend for a quadratic effect. Rumen digesta volume (111 6 18.8 l) and weight (103 6 17.4 kg) were not different. In both experiments, cows sorted against longer particles as determined by a particle length selection index; this behavior increased linearly as particle length increased. Greater forage particle length increased sorting behavior, but had no effect on rumen fermentation or chewing behavior.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forage particle length on rumen fermentation, sorting and chewing activity of late-lactation and non-lactating dairy cows

Suarez-Mena

Zanton

Heinrichs

2013

Animal

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“…The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using the methods described by Van Soest et al (1991) with heat-stable a-amylase and sodium sulfite used in the NDF procedure and expressed inclusive of residual ash. Crude protein (CP; N 3 6.25) was determined by the method of Krishnamoorthy et al (1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats

Sun

Mao

Zhu

2010

Animal

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The correlation between rumen chemical and bacterial changes was investigated during a four periodical stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet (concentrate level at 0%, 30%, 50% and 70% for diet I to IV, respectively) in goats. The results showed that ruminal pH decreased from 6.7 to 5.5 after switching from diet I to II, and was maintained at about 5.5 on diet III. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results showed that the rumen bacterial community was relatively stable during the initial three feeding periods, except for the appearance of three bands when diet changed from I to II, suggesting that an appropriate concentrate level can promote the proliferation of some bacteria. After 12 days of feeding diet III, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and butyrate proportion decreased. At days 2 and 3 of feeding diet IV, ruminal pH declined sharply to 5.3 and 4.7, respectively, and total VFA concentration decreased further while lactic acid concentration increased markedly, suggesting a relation between lactic acid accumulation and ruminal pH decline. At the same time, many bacteria disappeared, including most fibrolytic-related bacteria while Streptococcus bovis and Prevotella-like species dominated. Interestingly, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like species maintained throughout the experiment, suggesting its tolerance to low pH. In conclusion, rumen bacterial community was relatively stable feeding 0% to 50% concentrate diets, and it was observed that appropriate concentrate levels in the diet could increase the diversity of rumen bacteria. However, concentrate-rich diets caused lactic acid accumulation and low ruminal pH that caused the disappearance of most fibrolytic-related bacteria sensitive to low pH while S. bovis and genus Prevotella persisted.

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“…O mês de junho apresenta a menor média de temperatura mínima do ar (14ºC), já a maior média, no mês de setembro, é de 31,3ºC. A temperatura média anual é de 23,2ºC, com média numérica anual de 17,9ºC, a precipitação média anual é de 1759mm e a umidade do ar média anual é de 71%, com o menor índice no mês de agosto (Brasil, 1992 Licitra et al (1996), e o nitrogênio solúvel (NS) de acordo com Krishnamoorthy et al (1982), realizadas em Macro Kjedal. A fibra em detergente neutro e a fibra em detergente ácido utilizadas para a determinação do teor de nitrogênio foram analisadas em equipamento convencional de fibra, não se utilizando o sulfito de sódio.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Frações proteicas do capim-mombaça submetido a doses de nitrogênio em duas alturas de corte

Silva

França

Miyagi

et al. 2009

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOForam caracterizadas e identificadas as frações proteicas constituintes do capim-mombaça submetido a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 300 e 500kg.ha -1 ) em duas alturas de corte no período chuvoso e no seco. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB) e das frações A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 e C da proteína do capimmombaça, cortado a 0,20 e 0,40m da superfície do solo foram avaliados pelo Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Em relação ao teor de PB, ocorreu diferença significativa (P<0,05) quanto às doses aplicadas. Observou-se aumento de PB em função da elevação das doses de N, principalmente no período chuvoso apresentando valores médios em torno de 10%. Ocorreu diferença nas frações de PB em função da estação e da altura de corte. As frações B 1 e C não diferiram quanto à dose de N e altura de corte. As frações A + B 1 foram maiores no período seco, nas duas alturas residuais (P<0,05). A dose de nitrogênio e a altura do corte influenciaram na composição das frações proteicas.Palavras-chave: capim-mombaça, Panicum maximum, adubação nitrogenada, composto nitrogenado ABSTRACTThe protein fractions of mombaça grass submitted to four nitrogen doses (0, 100, 300, and 500kg.ha -1 utilização de pastagens cultivadas visando alcançar melhores índices produtivos. O capimmombaça (Panicum maximum cv Mombaça) é uma planta ereta e cespitosa, com altura média de 1,65m e alta porcentagem de folhas (cerca de 80%), e somente 10% da sua produção ocorre na estação seca (Carnevalli, 2003). A adubação

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Nitrogen Fractions in Selected Feedstuffs

Cited by 528 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of forage particle length on rumen fermentation, sorting and chewing activity of late-lactation and non-lactating dairy cows

Effect of forage particle length on rumen fermentation, sorting and chewing activity of late-lactation and non-lactating dairy cows

Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats

Frações proteicas do capim-mombaça submetido a doses de nitrogênio em duas alturas de corte

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