Nitrogen fractionation of certain conventional- and lesser-known by-products for ruminants

Abstract

Dietary proteins for ruminants are fractionated according to solubility, degradability and digestibility. In the present experiment, 11 vegetable protein meals and cakes used in ruminant nutrition were included with a main focus on determining various nitrogen (N) fractions in vitro. Total N (N × 6.25) content varied from 22.98% (mahua cake) to 65.16% (maize gluten meal), respectively. Guar meal korma contained the lowest and rice gluten meal had the highest acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN; N × 6.25). Borate-phosphate insoluble N (BIN, N × 6.25) and Streptomyces griseus protease insoluble N (PIN; N × 6.25) were higher (P < 0.01) in maize gluten meal than in other feeds, whereas groundnut cake and sunflower cake had lower (P < 0.01) BIN, and PIN, respectively. Available N, calculated with the assumption that ADIN is indigestible, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. Furthermore, rapid and slowly degradable N (N × 6.25) was found to be higher (P < 0.01) in groundnut cake and coconut cake, respectively. Intestinal digestion of rumen undegradable protein, expressed as percent of PIN, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. It was concluded that vegetable protein meals differed considerably in N fractions, and therefore, a selective inclusion of particular ingredient is needed to achieve desired level of N fractions to aid precision N rationing for an improved production performance of ruminants.

Evaluating the Suitability of Hazelnut Skin as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Dairy Cows

“…Due to its high acid detergent insoluble protein content linked to lignin and due to Maillard reaction products originated during roasting [56], HS is characterized by low rumen degradability. In fact, acid detergent insoluble protein is undegradable in the rumen and not digested by proteolytic enzymes in the small intestine, being therefore unavailable for protein synthesis [57]. The chemical analysis conducted on the HS used in our trial confirmed that the CP in HS (62 g/kg DM) is mostly undegradable inside the rumen (RDP = 5.0 g/kg DM CP).…”

Protein fraction, mineral profile, and chemical compositions of various fiber-based substrates degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus

“…The protein that is soluble in phosphate-borate is known as a soluble protein, and it is assumed to degrade quickly in the rumen. This fraction is primarily composed primarily of non-protein compounds, such as ammoniacal nitrogen, urea, nitrates, amino-acids, small peptides, and true protein (Mohamed and Chaudhry 2008;Mahesh et al 2017). Urrego et al (2013) evaluated the composition of the nitrogenated compound of the residue of a crop of Agaricus bisporus from a Colombian company that used rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, poultry litter, and cotton as culture bed.…”

Use of rizostar in the production of sorghum silages

“…Although ADIN can be partially digestible (Wang et al, 2015), this fraction is accepted as the nitrogen that is nutritionally unavailable to ruminants and its negative correlation with dietary nitrogen digestibility. These values can be influenced by the plant's physiological maturity stage during harvest and its lignification (Moura et al, 2016) and heat damage (Mahesh, Thakur, Kumar, Malik, Gami, 2017) during prolonged exposure to temperatures above 50 °C (Kung Jr et al, 2018). NFCs, as long as they are synchronized with the availability of nitrogenous compounds, is the most efficient in increasing milk and meat production as they are substrates for microbial protein synthesis.…”