Protein fraction, mineral profile, and chemical compositions of various fiber-based substrates degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the substrates after their degradation by P. ostreatus within 60 days of cultivation in four Mexican mushroom-producing companies, in order to use it as a complement feed for ruminants. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), protein fraction, and mineral profile were analyzed after degradation. Crude protein (CP) of companies 1 and 4 increased by 6.1% and 6.8%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Soluble nitrogen reached 60% relative to un-degraded substrate with 43.8%. Proteins A, B1, and B3 fractions increased compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05) at some companies. The B2 fraction was decreased in all the degraded substrates (p ≤ 0.05), but the C fraction at companies 1, 2, and 3 presented no significant differences with respect to their controls (p ≤ 0.05). Crude fiber (CF), ADF, NDF, and hemicellulose (HC) decreased while dry matter digestibility (DMD) increased to 55.5-58% on degrade substrates. The mineral composition increased disproportionately. The substrate degraded by P. ostreatus by improving its digestibility and soluble protein content may be a low-cost food supplement. However, due to its mineral imbalance, it is not recommended as the sole food source for ruminants.

Effect of Ammoniated and/or Basidiomycete White-Rot Fungi Treatment on Rice Straw Proximate Composition, Cell Wall Component, and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics

“…The comparable decline in ash content after ammonification compared to untreated straw is indicative of the loss of soluble mineral elements [37]. The increase in ash content of FTRS was consistent with the report of Fazaeli [25] and Velázquez-De Lucio et al [38]. This is due to fungus breaking down the straw to release minerals and inorganic matter [39].…”

Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate on Growth Performance and Meat Characteristics of Animals

“…Digestion of these feeds is hampered by the high amounts of hard-to-digest cell wall components, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Phillips, 2004). Delignification of straw by chemical treatment is economically and environmentally unfavourable (Lucio et al, 2020). However, fungi are very efficient decomposers of cell wall components, so these agricultural residues and lignocellulosic biomass can be degraded by biological processing using mushrooms (Stamets, 2000).…”

Enhancing Year-Round Profitability for Small-Scale Ranchers: An Economic Analysis of Integrated Cattle and Mushroom Production System

“…Moreover, livestock feed expenses account for about 60-70% of the total cost of livestock production, with winter feed costs alone making up 20-40% of annual cow ownership expenses [11,12]. In addition to benefiting financially from the sale of harvested mushrooms, cattle ranchers can also incorporate mushroom-degraded biomass into the diet of ruminants [13]. According to Velázquez-De Lucio et al [13], mushroom-degraded biomass can reduce the cost of livestock feeding and enhance digestibility, feed efficiency, and overall animal health.…”

“…In addition to benefiting financially from the sale of harvested mushrooms, cattle ranchers can also incorporate mushroom-degraded biomass into the diet of ruminants [13]. According to Velázquez-De Lucio et al [13], mushroom-degraded biomass can reduce the cost of livestock feeding and enhance digestibility, feed efficiency, and overall animal health. Furthermore, research indicates that integrating cattle farming with mushroom production can reduce manure management costs by utilizing manure as mushroom substrates [14,15].…”

“…Figure 1 illustrates the circular economy of the cattle and mushroom integrated production system. mushrooms, ca le ranchers can also incorporate mushroom-degraded biomass into the diet of ruminants [13]. According to Velázquez-De Lucio et al [13], mushroom-degraded biomass can reduce the cost of livestock feeding and enhance digestibility, feed efficiency, and overall animal health.…”