Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illnesses in Infants

Samet, Jonathan M.; Lambert, William E.; Skipper, Betty J.; Cushing, Alice H.; Hunt, William C.; Young, Stephen; McLaren, Leroy C.; Schwab, Margo; Spengler, John D.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/148.5.1258

Cited by 122 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Dodge et al (31) found evidence that respiratory symptoms in children were related to SO2 pollution levels; the same was true in Charpin's study (18 (34) showed that there was no association between NO2 levels in the home and the occurrence of respiratory infections. There was no passive tobacco smoke exposure.…”

Section: Increase In Respiratory Symptoms Survey Datamentioning

confidence: 88%

The Effects of Air Pollution on Children

Bates¹

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Air pollutants have been documented to be associated with a wide variety of adverse health impacts in children. These include increases in mortality in very severe episodes; an increased risk of perineonatal mortality in regions of higher pollution, and an increased general rate of mortality in children; increased acute respiratory disease morbidity; aggravation of asthma, as shown by increased hospital emergency visits or admissions as well as in longitudinal panel studies; increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children, and infectious episodes of longer duration; lowered lung function in children when pollutants increase; lowered lung function in more polluted regions; increased sickness rates as indicated by kindergarten and school absences; the adverse effects of inhaled lead from automobile exhaust. These impacts are especially severe when high levels of outdoor pollution (usually from uncontrolled coal burning) are combined with high levels of indoor pollution. In developed countries, where indoor pollution levels are lower, increasing traffic density and elevated NO2 levels with secondary photochemical and fine particulate pollution appear to be the main contemporary problem. By virtue of physical activity out of doors when pollution levels may be high, children may experience higher exposures than adults. Air pollution is likely to have a greater impact on asthmatic children if they are without access to routine medical care. -Environ Health Perspect 1 03 (Suppl 6:49-53 (1995)

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Section: Increase In Respiratory Symptoms Survey Datamentioning

confidence: 88%

The Effects of Air Pollution on Children

Bates¹

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…In a Japanese cohort, exposure to nitrogen dioxide was associated with an increased risk of doctordiagnosed asthma and bronchitis, but not with the incidence of these diseases [109]. Two birth cohort studies that followed 1,611 infants for 1 yr and 1,205 for 18 months, and one cohort survey including 842 children enrolled at 9-10 yrs of age did not confirm these results [109][110][111]. Reasons of these conflicting results are unknown, but the difficulties in determining real exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide could explain them in part.…”

Section: Nitrogen Dioxidementioning

confidence: 95%

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

et al. 2012

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We reviewed the main epidemiological studies that evaluate the respiratory effects of indoor air pollutants quantitatively in industrialised countries. Consistent results support short-term (aggravation) and, although more rarely, long-term (prevalence augmentation) effects on asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in indoor settings with poor air quality. Environmental tobacco smoke is one of the most important risks for respiratory symptoms and diseases worldwide. The evidence is also reliable for indoor nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, which have been associated with asthma, bronchitis and COPD. Whereas formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds seem to be the main pollutants in indoor settings, relevant papers on their respiratory effects are still scarce, and limited to asthma and bronchitis. Moulds have been associated with an increased risk of asthma and COPD. Contradictory results have been found between endotoxins and asthma. The role of phthalates, persistent organic pollutants and flame retardants in respiratory diseases remains to be established. Results from rural areas of industrialised countries indicate that exposure to some indoor bio-contaminants might be protective in early life, while it is associated with adverse respiratory adverse effects in adulthood. Studies focusing on indoor air pollutants should be developed to better understand their involvement in the inception and aggravation of respiratory diseases.

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“…Although some studies (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) have found adverse respiratory health effects from indoor NO 2 , other studies have failed to confirm that association (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). For example, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III did not suggest any impact from gas stoves on pulmonary function or respiratory symptoms in adults with asthma (34).…”

Section: Indoor Nitrogen Dioxide and Asthma Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%