The Effects of Air Pollution on Children

Bates, David V.

doi:10.2307/3432345

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…9,10 Infants, children, the elderly, and those with cardiopulmonary disease are among the most susceptible to adverse health effects from criteria pollutants. [11][12][13][14][15] Lead is neurotoxic, especially during early childhood. Carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen transport through the formation of carboxyhemoglobin.…”

Section: Effects Of Air Pollution On Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children

Kim¹

2004

Pediatrics

267

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ABSTRACT. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution is now recognized as an important problem, both nationally and worldwide. Our scientific understanding of the spectrum of health effects of air pollution has increased, and numerous studies are finding important health effects from air pollution at levels once considered safe. Children and infants are among the most susceptible to many of the air pollutants. In addition to associations between air pollution and respiratory symptoms, asthma exacerbations, and asthma hospitalizations, recent studies have found links between air pollution and preterm birth, infant mortality, deficits in lung growth, and possibly, development of asthma. This policy statement summarizes the recent literature linking ambient air pollution to adverse health outcomes in children and includes a perspective on the current regulatory process. The statement provides advice to pediatricians on how to integrate issues regarding air quality and health into patient education and children's environmental health advocacy and concludes with recommendations to the government on promotion of effective air-pollution policies to ensure protection of children's health. Pediatrics 2004;114:1699-1707; air pollution, adverse effects, children, asthma, environmental health.ABBREVIATIONS. PM 2.5 , particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 m; PM 10 , particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 m; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; HAP, hazardous air pollutant; AQI, air quality index.

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Section: Effects Of Air Pollution On Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children

Kim¹

2004

Pediatrics

267

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“…Of Puerto Rican children less than 11 years old, 1 1.2% suffer from asthma, 5.9% for non-Hispanic black and 3.3% for non-Hispanic white children (10). Air pollution has been shown to aggravate asthma in a number of studies (11).…”

Section: Children Of Color At Greatest Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The disproportionate impact of environmental health threats on children of color.

Mott

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Children receive greater exposures to environmental pollutants present in air, food, and water because they inhale or ingest more air, food, or water on a body-weight basis than adults do. Communities of color are disproportionately exposed to hazardous wastes, dioxin, and air pollution. Existing data demonstrate that children of color are the subgroup of the population most exposed to certain pollutants, including lead, air pollution, and pesticides. Government standards do not take into account children's differential exposures or the cumulative nature of these exposures. Federal regulations fail to protect the most highly exposed and most sensitive subgroups of the population. More often than not this group is children of color.-Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 6): 33-35 (1995)

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“…Therefore, in addition to considering the effects of outdoor air pollution (7), it is important to take into account the effects that exposure to indoor air pollutants may have on childhood asthma. The dominant allergens associated with asthma are found indoors, i.e., mite, cat, dog, and cockroach (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air pollution and childhood asthma: effective environmental interventions.

Etzel

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the environments of children with asthma. However, the effectiveness of reducing asthmatic children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on the severity of their symptoms has not yet been systematically evaluated. Dust mite reduction is another helpful environmental intervention. This can be achieved by enclosing the child's mattresses, blankets, and pillows in zippered polyurethane-coated casings. Primary prevention of asthma is not as well understood. It is anticipated that efforts to reduce smoking during pregnancy could reduce the incidence of asthma in children. European studies have suggested that reducing exposure to food and house dust mite antigens during lactation and for the first 12 months of life diminishes the development of allergic disorders in infants with high total IgE in the cord blood and a family history of atopy. Many children with asthma and their families are not receiving adequate counseling about environmental interventions from health care providers or other sources.

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The Effects of Air Pollution on Children

Cited by 66 publications

References 14 publications

Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children

Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children

The disproportionate impact of environmental health threats on children of color.

Indoor air pollution and childhood asthma: effective environmental interventions.

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