Nitric oxide production by coelomocytes of Asterias forbesi

Nitric oxide production by nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) peripheral blood leucocytes

“…The maximal amount of NO production occurred after 72 h in culture, which is consistent with the time required to elicit maximal amount of NO production in mammals [29], teleost [4e10], and invertebrates [11,12]. The highest amounts of NO produced by elasmobranch PBL in response to LPS stimulation ranged from approximately 8 to 10 mM.…”

“…Nitric oxide production has also been demonstrated in three species of invertebrates including Forbe's sea star, Asteria forbesi [11], a freshwater snail, Viviparus ater [12], and the Anopheles mosquito, Anopheles stephensi [13].…”

Differential modulation of Rhodnius prolixus nitric oxide activities following challenge with Trypanosoma rangeli, T. cruzi and bacterial cell wall components

“…Torreilles and Gue´rin, 1999;Weiske and Wiesner, 1999a, b;Nappi et al, 2000;Beck et al, 2001;Novoa et al, 2002;Hao et al, 2003;Jiang et al, 2006), acting as a cytotoxic molecule both directly and after interaction with other free radicals. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is induced by parasite infections in invertebrate vectors of disease such as mosquitoes and snails, and has been implicated in parasite control or correlated with vectorial capacity (e.g.…”

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by amoebocytes of Asterias rubens (Echinodermata)

“…On the other hand, the partial PLCL inibition by a specific NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) suggests the detection of an NO-induced peroxide. Invertebrate immunocytes are known to release NO [36,37]. Although the NO production in echinoderms was shown by Beck et al [36] to occur 24 h after stimulation of amoebocytes cultures, these authors did not analyse the short-term kinetics of production.…”

“…Invertebrate immunocytes are known to release NO [36,37]. Although the NO production in echinoderms was shown by Beck et al [36] to occur 24 h after stimulation of amoebocytes cultures, these authors did not analyse the short-term kinetics of production. Moreover, their model (stable cell cultures) is very di#erent from our short-term experiments.…”