Nitric Oxide Mediates the Blood-Pressure Lowering Effect of Garlic in the Rat Two-Kidney, One-Clip Model of Hypertension

Al-Qattan, Khaled; Thomson, Martha; Al-Mutawa'a, Sausan; Al-Hajeri, Dalal; Drobiova, Hana; Ali, Muslim

doi:10.1093/jn/136.3.774s

Cited by 68 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Reports on garlic-mediated (20)(21)(22) and H 2 S-mediated (8) vascular smooth muscle relaxation indicate that both are based in part on NO signaling pathways, but the main action of both garlic (20) and H 2 S (8) is likely the opening of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane K ATP channels, leading to depolarization and blood vessel dilation. Garlic-mediated vasorelaxation has previously been studied under the traditional high 95% O 2 (900 M) (20,21) where spontaneous and biological H 2 S oxidation would be accelerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic

Benavides

Squadrito

Mills

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

755

647

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The consumption of garlic is inversely correlated with the progression of cardiovascular disease, although the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that human RBCs convert garlic-derived organic polysulfides into hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous cardioprotective vascular cell signaling molecule. This H2S production, measured in real time by a novel polarographic H2S sensor, is supported by glucosemaintained cytosolic glutathione levels and is to a large extent reliant on reduced thiols in or on the RBC membrane. H2S production from organic polysulfides is facilitated by allyl substituents and by increasing numbers of tethering sulfur atoms. Allyl-substituted polysulfides undergo nucleophilic substitution at the ␣ carbon of the allyl substituent, thereby forming a hydropolysulfide (RSnH), a key intermediate during the formation of H2S. Organic polysulfides (R-Sn-R; n > 2) also undergo nucleophilic substitution at a sulfur atom, yielding RSnH and H2S. Intact aorta rings, under physiologically relevant oxygen levels, also metabolize garlic-derived organic polysulfides to liberate H2S. The vasoactivity of garlic compounds is synchronous with H2S production, and their potency to mediate relaxation increases with H2S yield, strongly supporting our hypothesis that H2S mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Our results also suggest that the capacity to produce H2S can be used to standardize garlic dietary supplements.Allium ͉ aorta ͉ polysulfides ͉ red blood cells ͉ vasorelaxation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic

Benavides

Squadrito

Mills

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

755

647

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Según otros estudios, existiría la presencia de metabolitos implicados en el efectos hipotensor tal como la THβCs, hallada en un estudio realizado por Ichikawa et al en el 2006 (19) , demostrando ser un potente antioxidante al actuar como secuestrador de radicales libres. Esto lo confirman estudios previos (19,20,25) , estableciendo con ello su reconocida actividad hipotensora, actividad que parece ser potenciada por el proceso de maceración del extracto de ajo. La demanda de tiempo implica mayores costos en la producción del extracto, tiempo que pretendió ser mejorado en este estudio.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ambas técnicas se basan en la descomposición que sufren los órganos sulfurados del ajo, como la aliina (compuesto de aminoácidos azufrados) que al ser triturado se transforma por la alicinasa en alicina, este inestable componente se descompone en s-alil-cisteína (SAC) al ser ingerido, además la reacción tiene como subproducto el ácido pirúvico. Este último en adición con el triptófano, se obtiene la 1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-β-carbolina (THβC) (19) , potente antioxidante sobre la síntesis de óxido nítrico (ON) molécula encargada de conseguir la vasodilatación arterial y con ello la disminución de la presión sanguínea (20) . El presente estudio combinó ambas técnicas de maceración de ajo, con el objetivo de evaluar si en un tiempo de 18 semanas tiene igual o mejor efecto hipotensor que el captopril.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto hipotensor del extracto de ajo (Allium sativum) macerado por 18 semanas en un modelo experimental in vivo

Chaupis-Meza

Rojas

Gasco

et al. 2014

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Objetivos. Determinar si el extracto de ajo (Allium sativum) macerado por 18 semanas tiene igual o mejor efecto hipotensor que el captopril en ratas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio experimental in vivo con ratas machos Holtzman, clasificados en cinco grupos: 100, 500 y 1000 mg/kg de extracto de ajo, Captopril de 100 mg/kg y un grupo vehículo. El L-NAME (N-G -nitro L-arginina-metil-éster) administrado vía intraperitoneal 50 mg/kg desde el inicio del experimento, elevó la presión arterial desde el tercer día. El análisis estadístico consistió en las pruebas T de Student para medias pareadas, ANOVA y comparación múltiple de Scheffe. Resultados. El ajo macerado extraído por un proceso hidroalcohólico durante 18 semanas provocó una disminución de la presión arterial en animales de experimentación. El análisis de los tratamientos sobre la presión arterial media (PAM), obtuvieron diferencias significativas desde el tercer día. La comparación sobre la PAM final versus PAM basal (medias no diferentes) y el efecto hipotensor (%) fueron: ajo-100 (p=0,008), 59,8%; ajo-500 (p=0,021), 80,6%; ajo-1000 (p=0,034), 88,5%, Captopril (p=0,437), 99,9% y vehículo (p=0,001), 0%. Conclusiones. El ajo macerado a un periodo de 18 semanas resultó eficaz para producir un efecto hipotensor en ratas, inducidas a hipertensión arterial por L-NAME. Palabras clave: Ajo; Compuestos fenólicos; Enfermedad crónica; Hipertensión; Ratas; L-NAME (fuente: DeCS/BIREME). HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF EXTRACT OF MACERATED GARLIC (Allium sativum) FOR 18 WEEKS IN AN IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ABSTRACTObjectives. Determine whether macerated extract of garlic (Allium sativum) for 18 weeks is equal to or better than Captopril in its hypotensive effect in rats. Materials and methods. We performed an experimental in vivo study with Holtzman male rats divided into five groups using 100, 500 and 1,000 mg kg of garlic extract, Captopril 100 mg/kg and a vehicle group. 50 mg/kg L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) was administered intraperitoneally which elevated blood pressure after the third day. Statistical analysis consisted of Student's t-test for paired means, ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparison. Results. The macerated garlic extracted by a hydroalcoholic process administered for 18 weeks resulted in a decrease in blood pressure in experimental animals. In the analysis of treatments on mean arterial pressure (MAP), significant differences were obtained after the third day. The comparison of the MAP final versus MAP basal (no difference in averages) and the hypotensive effect (%) were: garlic-100 (p=0.008), 59.8%; ajo-500 (p=0.021), 80.6%; garlic-1000 (p=0.034), 88.5%; captopril (p=0.437), 99.9%; and vehicle-only (p=0.001), 0%. Conclusions. The macerated garlic given for an 18-week period effectively produced a hypotensive effect in rats with hypertension induced by L-NAME.

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“…Garlic extracts have been variously reported to have anti-hypertensive effects by increasing NO synthesis [28], induction of vasodilatation with hydrogen sulphide [29], and inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity. The report of ZahidAshraf et al [30] indicated that garlic extract is a vasorelaxant and may reduce the atherogenic potentials of cholesterol in rats.…”

Section: Effects Of Garlic On Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disementioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Role of Garlic and Bioactive Components in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health: What We Do Know

Ugwu¹,

Suru²

2016

JBM

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Cardiovascular disease is a complex and multifactorial disease strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, reduced fibrinolysis, increased blood-clotting time and increased platelet aggregation. Among other confounding factors, oxidative damage is a major factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The use of garlic in folkloric medicine highlights the potential role in either preventing or delaying cardiovascular disease. Contemporary research reveals how garlic and bioactive components modulate the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases thus tending towards validating a measure of folkloric claims concerning the functional efficacy of garlic. This review seeks to elucidate contemporary research attempt towards the validation of the role of garlic and bioactive components, mechanisms of action involved and to define its ultimate role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some contradictory claims exist possibly due to the use of different experimental protocols/formulations/dosages of garlic. Overwhelming commonality of positive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses reside among research studies thus offering compelling evidence in supports of the beneficial health effects of garlic and components.

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Nitric Oxide Mediates the Blood-Pressure Lowering Effect of Garlic in the Rat Two-Kidney, One-Clip Model of Hypertension

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic

Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic

Efecto hipotensor del extracto de ajo (Allium sativum) macerado por 18 semanas en un modelo experimental in vivo

The Functional Role of Garlic and Bioactive Components in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health: What We Do Know

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