Efecto hipotensor del extracto de ajo (Allium sativum) macerado por 18 semanas en un modelo experimental in vivo

Abstract

Objetivos. Determinar si el extracto de ajo (Allium sativum) macerado por 18 semanas tiene igual o mejor efecto hipotensor que el captopril en ratas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio experimental in vivo con ratas machos Holtzman, clasificados en cinco grupos: 100, 500 y 1000 mg/kg de extracto de ajo, Captopril de 100 mg/kg y un grupo vehículo. El L-NAME (N-G -nitro L-arginina-metil-éster) administrado vía intraperitoneal 50 mg/kg desde el inicio del experimento, elevó la presión arterial desde el tercer día. El análisis estadístico consistió en las pruebas T de Student para medias pareadas, ANOVA y comparación múltiple de Scheffe. Resultados. El ajo macerado extraído por un proceso hidroalcohólico durante 18 semanas provocó una disminución de la presión arterial en animales de experimentación. El análisis de los tratamientos sobre la presión arterial media (PAM), obtuvieron diferencias significativas desde el tercer día. La comparación sobre la PAM final versus PAM basal (medias no diferentes) y el efecto hipotensor (%) fueron: ajo-100 (p=0,008), 59,8%; ajo-500 (p=0,021), 80,6%; ajo-1000 (p=0,034), 88,5%, Captopril (p=0,437), 99,9% y vehículo (p=0,001), 0%. Conclusiones. El ajo macerado a un periodo de 18 semanas resultó eficaz para producir un efecto hipotensor en ratas, inducidas a hipertensión arterial por L-NAME. Palabras clave: Ajo; Compuestos fenólicos; Enfermedad crónica; Hipertensión; Ratas; L-NAME (fuente: DeCS/BIREME). HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF EXTRACT OF MACERATED GARLIC (Allium sativum) FOR 18 WEEKS IN AN IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ABSTRACTObjectives. Determine whether macerated extract of garlic (Allium sativum) for 18 weeks is equal to or better than Captopril in its hypotensive effect in rats. Materials and methods. We performed an experimental in vivo study with Holtzman male rats divided into five groups using 100, 500 and 1,000 mg kg of garlic extract, Captopril 100 mg/kg and a vehicle group. 50 mg/kg L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) was administered intraperitoneally which elevated blood pressure after the third day. Statistical analysis consisted of Student's t-test for paired means, ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparison. Results. The macerated garlic extracted by a hydroalcoholic process administered for 18 weeks resulted in a decrease in blood pressure in experimental animals. In the analysis of treatments on mean arterial pressure (MAP), significant differences were obtained after the third day. The comparison of the MAP final versus MAP basal (no difference in averages) and the hypotensive effect (%) were: garlic-100 (p=0.008), 59.8%; ajo-500 (p=0.021), 80.6%; garlic-1000 (p=0.034), 88.5%; captopril (p=0.437), 99.9%; and vehicle-only (p=0.001), 0%. Conclusions. The macerated garlic given for an 18-week period effectively produced a hypotensive effect in rats with hypertension induced by L-NAME.

Report of the Experience of Living with High Blood Pressure in Light of the Theory of Caring

“…(12) Another recommended use also accepted by the participants in the research is garlic to diminish blood pressure. (13,14) However, the effect changes according to how it is taken, the best way is in extract because it increases the concentration of S-allyl-cysteine that is tolerable and functional; rather, when eating it whole, one of its components denominated Allicin, is volatile and unavailable. (14) According to the aforementioned, it is possible to state that people's beliefs along with the biological, cultural, and family factors are important to assimilate the treatment, hence, the importance of establishing agreements between the patient and the health staff about the treatment's parameters.…”

“…(13,14) However, the effect changes according to how it is taken, the best way is in extract because it increases the concentration of S-allyl-cysteine that is tolerable and functional; rather, when eating it whole, one of its components denominated Allicin, is volatile and unavailable. (14) According to the aforementioned, it is possible to state that people's beliefs along with the biological, cultural, and family factors are important to assimilate the treatment, hence, the importance of establishing agreements between the patient and the health staff about the treatment's parameters. (15) Regarding Knowing, patients state that they have little information about the disease and the reason for the treatment, but try to comply with it; this coincides with García et al, and Ried, F, who conclude that users try to obey the medical prescription even if they do not strictly follow the indications, (12,16) or as stated by a participant, they take the medications only in case they have any symptom (dizziness or headache) or when they have high blood pressure.…”

Aspectos generales del Allium sativum - una revisión

“…For the preparation, the garlic is peeled, cut into slices, and stored for 40 days at a temperature of 60-70°C, then suspended in a hydroalcoholic solution. After this time, the processed garlic is suspended in an anaerobic maceration for 18 weeks, at the end of which period they are filtered and rotavaporated; the liquid extract obtained should be kept refrigerated (8) . Another way to make this liquid extract is in cold in a conical flask for 72 hours (7) .…”

Plantas medicinales hipotensoras y sus productos comercializados en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina

“…Hipotensor, diurético (Brändle et al, 1997;Alonso & Desmarchelier, 2005;Singh & Singh, 2008;Brankovic et al, 2011;Nwokocha et al, 2011;Bhandari, 2012;Chaupis-Meza et al, 2014 Hipotensor (Ragone et al, 2010;Hurrell, 2018 Hipotensor (Nwokocha et al, 2012;Adefegha et al, 2015;Moghadamtousi et al, 2015;Puentes, 2017;Coria Tellez et al, 2018 Vasodilatador, diurético (Alonso & Desmarchelier, 2005). Hipotensor, diurético (Arenas et al, 2013;Harwoko et al, 2014;Nansy et al, 2015).…”