Nitric Oxide and Other Neurotransmitters of the Corpus Cavernosum

González‐Cadavid, Néstor F.; Rajfer, Jacob

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1848-7_31

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…There has been no attempt to identify a specific NOS isoform in penile cytosolic fraction; in fact, cytosolic enzyme activity represents most of the penile NOS [7,15]. The present results show that the amount of eNOS mRNA was not significantly affected by androgens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Despite androgen receptor levels decreasing rapidly in the penis after puberty [15], the effect of androgen on normal penile erection is supported by several lines of experimental results. The present results confirm observations by others [3,9,16] showing that castration in rats decreases erectile function and androgens restore it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is still unclear whether the effect of androgens on NOS expression is isoform‐specific. As penile erection is dependent on NO [7,15,21], it is not surprising that castration has been shown to decrease NOS activity. However, there are conflicting reports as to whether this reduction is also accompanied by a decrease in nNOS content, as determined by immunoblot detection [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of androgens on the expression of nitric oxide synthase mRNAs in rat corpus cavernosum

Park

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 1999

BJU International

109

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of androgens on the expression of nitric oxide synthase mRNAs in rat corpus cavernosum

Park

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 1999

BJU International

109

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“…Gonzalez-Cavadid and Rajfer claim a method for treatment of erectile dysfunction by administration of an isolated NOS protein or a cDNA encoding this enzyme. A vector containing cDNA encoding rat penile iNOS was injected into the corpora cavernosa [101]. Researchers at Duke University increased the NO levels in human macrophage cells by treatment with the apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) gene [102].…”

Section: Increasing the Natural No Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide donors - current trends in therapeutic applications

Lehmann¹

2000

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents

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The nitric oxide (NO) radical, endogenously produced from L-arginine, is a natural vasodilator also involved in many other physiological and pathological processes. The increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of NO keeps extending its range of potential therapeutic applications. However, these many applications require individually designed exogenous molecular sources of NO. To date, NO donors such as diazeniumdiolates, S-nitrosothiols, sydnonimines, nitroso complexes, organic nitrates and nitrites are claimed to be useful for the treatment of cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and infectious diseases. Development of new NO donors differs from common drug development because the active drug (NO) has already been determined, therefore research involves the development of devices to deliver NO. An alternative strategy is to link an NO releasing moiety to other well-established bioactive molecules creating NO donor hybrids. Different hybrid compounds can offer various drug actions with synergistic effects, reduced toxicity and no detrimental side effects. Among others, Hou, Janczuk and Wang [1], and a few years previously Stamler and Feelisch [2], have issued systematic and comprehensive reviews on NO donors. In view of the huge number of publications on this topic, this article will restrictively focus on NO donors and pathological situations and diseases which are claimed in the important therapeutic patents issued between 1997 and 2000. Table 1 gives the relevant diseases and classes of NO donors, gathered from these patents.

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“…Nitric oxide synthase activity was decreased in penile homogenates from very old rats and diabetic BB and BBZ rats (Garbán et al, 1995;Vernet et al, 1995). The nNOS is the main NOS isoform responsible for the synthesis of the physiological mediator of penile erection, NO (Burnett, 1997;Gonzalez-Cadavid & Rajfer, 1997). The number of NOS-containing nerve fibres in the penile shaft of aged rats with erectile dysfunction (ED) appears to be reduced based on NADPH diaphorase staining (Carrier et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of regular exercise on penile nitric oxide synthase expression in rats

et al. 2010

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Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their partners and its prevalence increases significantly with ageing. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in penile endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity in aged rats may be increased by regular exercise. A total of 28 young (4 m) and aged (24 m) male rats were divided into four equal groups: group 1 - young control; group 2 - young trained; group 3 - old control and group 4 - old trained group. Groups 2 and 4 rats were trained to swim for 30 min a day and 5 days a week, which lasted 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed and penile tissues evaluated for eNOS and nNOS activities. eNOS and nNOS activities were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffinized penile tissues and results assessed semiquantitatively. Results also were compared with healthy age-matched and adult (4 m) controls. Serum level of testosterone (T) was determined using ELISA kits (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA). In penile tissues of aged control rats, eNOS and nNOS staining were weakly positive; however in trained groups, eNOS and nNOS immunoreactivity were increased. In young control group, eNOS and nNOS activities were more intense than aged control. eNOS and nNOS activities were higher in adult trained group than control. Serum T concentrations were significantly higher in young and aged trained group than in control groups. We can suggest that regular exercise upregulates eNOS and nNOS expressions in the aged and young rat penis. Regular exercise may improve penile erection by increasing penile neurotransmitter in both young and aged rats.

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Nitric Oxide and Other Neurotransmitters of the Corpus Cavernosum

Cited by 5 publications

References 109 publications

Effects of androgens on the expression of nitric oxide synthase mRNAs in rat corpus cavernosum

Effects of androgens on the expression of nitric oxide synthase mRNAs in rat corpus cavernosum

Nitric oxide donors - current trends in therapeutic applications

The effect of regular exercise on penile nitric oxide synthase expression in rats

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