Nitrate versus chloride nutrition effects in a soil‐plant system on the growth, nitrate accumulation, and nitrogen, potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride content of carrot

İnal, Ali; Güneş, Aydın; Alpaslan, Mehmet; Demir, Köksal

doi:10.1080/01904169809365539

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although widely reported (Xu et al, 2000; and references therein), Cl − application in the low millimolar range should not impair NO 3 − uptake given the high selectivity for NO 3 − over Cl − . Thus, total N content of plants does not decrease in response to Cl − application (Figure 1D; Ourry et al, 1992;Liu and Shelp, 1996;Inal et al, 1998). However, in Figure 4C, a moderate reduction in NU P E can be observed in different plant species in response to Cl − application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants

et al. 2020

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Chloride (Cl − ) has traditionally been considered harmful to agriculture because of its toxic effects in saline soils and its antagonistic interaction with nitrate (NO 3 − ), which impairs NO 3 − nutrition. It has been largely believed that Cl − antagonizes NO 3 − uptake and accumulation in higher plants, reducing crop yield. However, we have recently uncovered that Cl − has new beneficial macronutrient functions that improve plant growth, tissue water balance, plant water relations, photosynthetic performance, and water-use efficiency. The increased plant biomass indicates in turn that Cl − may also improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Considering that N availability is a bottleneck for the growth of land plants excessive NO 3 − fertilization frequently used in agriculture becomes a major environmental concern worldwide, causing excessive leaf NO 3 − accumulation in crops such as vegetables, which poses a potential risk to human health. New farming practices aimed to enhance plant NUE by reducing NO 3 − fertilization should promote a healthier and more sustainable agriculture. Given the strong interaction between Cl − and NO 3 − homeostasis in plants, we have verified if indeed Cl − affects NO 3 − accumulation and NUE in plants. For the first time to our knowledge, we provide a direct demonstration which shows that Cl − , contrary to impairing NO 3 − nutrition, facilitates NO 3 − utilization and improves NUE in plants. This is largely due to Cl − improvement of the N-NO 3 − utilization efficiency (NU T E), having little or moderate effect on N-NO 3 − uptake efficiency (NU P E) when NO 3 − is used as the sole N source. Clear positive correlations between leaf Cl − content vs. NUE/NU T E or plant growth have been established at both intra-and interspecies levels. Optimal NO 3 − vs. Cl − ratios become a useful tool to increase crop yield and quality, agricultural sustainability and to reduce the negative ecological impact of NO 3 − on the environment and on human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants

et al. 2020

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“…Due to the high demand for nitrogen, plants take up substantial amounts of nitrates in the form of NO 3 − anions, additional amounts of Ca 2+ cations to maintain the ionic balance. In turn, calcium chloride, unlike calcium nitrate, is a physiologically acidic salt from which calcium is taken up by plants more readily than chlorine [ 80 ]. Ca(NO 3 ) 2 has the potential to increase plant growth and divert Ca away from the xylem; for this reason, CaCl 2 is selected as the foliar source in field experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of Cells and Microanalysis in Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Szampion’ Fruit in Relation to Varied Calcium Foliar Feeding

et al. 2020

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Calcium is one of the most poorly reutilized nutrients. Its deficiencies cause various physiological disturbances and, consequently, reduce the quantity and quality of yields. Reduced content of Ca2+ ions in cells leads to development of, e.g., bitter pit in apples. Efficient and instantaneous mitigation of Ca2+ deficiencies is provided by foliar feeding. There are no detailed data on the effect of foliar feeding with various calcium forms on the cell structure or on the microanalysis and mapping of this element in apple fruit cells. Therefore, we carried out comparative studies of the ultrastructure of epidermis and hypodermis cells, to assess the content and distribution of calcium in the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and precipitates of Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Szampion’ fruit exposed to four Ca treatments, including the control with no additional Ca supplementation (I) and foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2 (II), CaCl2 (III), and Ca chelated with EDTA (IV). Light and transmission electron microscopy and an X-ray microanalyzer were used and showed a beneficial effect of calcium preparations on the ultrastructure of fruit epidermis and hypodermis cells, manifested in the presence of a normally developed cell wall with a regular middle lamella, preserved continuity of cytoplasmic membranes, and stabilized cell structure. In the selected elements of apical epidermis cells, the highest level of Ca2+ ions was detected in the middle lamella, cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm. The highest increase in the Ca2+ content in these cell constituents was recorded in treatment IV, whereas the lowest value of the parameters was noted in variant III.

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“…In addition, given the close correlation between Cl − homeostasis and NUE (see Section 3.5) adequate management of optimal NO 3 − /Cl − ratios in different agriculture systems could reduce NO 3 − input rates without compromising plant performance [117]. Chloride-dependent reduction of plant NO 3 − accumulation in vegetables could also be used as a strategy to decrease excessive NO 3 − content.…”

Section: Cl− As a Beneficial Macronutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride as a Beneficial Macronutrient in Higher Plants: New Roles and Regulation

Colmenero‐Flores

Franco-Navarro

Cubero-Font

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Chloride (Cl−) has traditionally been considered a micronutrient largely excluded by plants due to its ubiquity and abundance in nature, its antagonism with nitrate (NO3−), and its toxicity when accumulated at high concentrations. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in this regard since Cl− has gone from being considered a harmful ion, accidentally absorbed through NO3− transporters, to being considered a beneficial macronutrient whose transport is finely regulated by plants. As a beneficial macronutrient, Cl− determines increased fresh and dry biomass, greater leaf expansion, increased elongation of leaf and root cells, improved water relations, higher mesophyll diffusion to CO2, and better water- and nitrogen-use efficiency. While optimal growth of plants requires the synchronic supply of both Cl− and NO3− molecules, the NO3−/Cl− plant selectivity varies between species and varieties, and in the same plant it can be modified by environmental cues such as water deficit or salinity. Recently, new genes encoding transporters mediating Cl− influx (ZmNPF6.4 and ZmNPF6.6), Cl− efflux (AtSLAH3 and AtSLAH1), and Cl− compartmentalization (AtDTX33, AtDTX35, AtALMT4, and GsCLC2) have been identified and characterized. These transporters have proven to be highly relevant for nutrition, long-distance transport and compartmentalization of Cl−, as well as for cell turgor regulation and stress tolerance in plants.

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Nitrate versus chloride nutrition effects in a soil‐plant system on the growth, nitrate accumulation, and nitrogen, potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride content of carrot

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants

Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants

Ultrastructure of Cells and Microanalysis in Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Szampion’ Fruit in Relation to Varied Calcium Foliar Feeding

Chloride as a Beneficial Macronutrient in Higher Plants: New Roles and Regulation

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