Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for Arctic tundra plants

Liu, Xue Yan; Koba, Keisuke; Koyama, Lina; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Weiss, Marissa; Inagaki, Yoshiyuki; Shaver, Gaius R.; Giblin, Anne E.; Hobara, Satoru; Nadelhoffer, Knute J.; Sommerkorn, Martin; Rastetter, Edward B.; Kling, George W.; Laundre, James A.; Yano, Yuriko; Makabe, Akiko; Yano, M.; Liu, Cong Qiang

doi:10.1073/pnas.1715382115

Cited by 107 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…For example, the global trend appears to be strongly driven by sharp increases in the proportion of chemically reduced nitrogen deposited over the United States (Figure 4), in accord with reports by Du et al (2014) and Li et al (2016). The continuation of this trend toward an increased proportion of chemically reduced nitrogen in IN deposition is likely to impact the competitive balance among plants with differing affinities for various nitrogen forms (Choudhary et al, 2016;Kahmen et al, 2006;Kanakidou et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018). The continuation of this trend toward an increased proportion of chemically reduced nitrogen in IN deposition is likely to impact the competitive balance among plants with differing affinities for various nitrogen forms (Choudhary et al, 2016;Kahmen et al, 2006;Kanakidou et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The United States has implemented controls on the emission of oxidized nitrogen, primarily caused by combustion processes, but not on the emission of reduced nitrogen, primarily caused by volatilization from livestock waste and fertilizer (Li et al, 2016;Reis et al, 2009). The continuation of this trend toward an increased proportion of chemically reduced nitrogen in IN deposition is likely to impact the competitive balance among plants with differing affinities for various nitrogen forms (Choudhary et al, 2016;Kahmen et al, 2006;Kanakidou et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: 1029/2018gb005990mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Estimates of Inorganic Nitrogen Deposition Across Four Decades

Ackerman

Millet

Chen

2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

299

201

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Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen is critical to the function of ecosystems and elemental cycles. During the industrial period, humans have doubled the amount of inorganic nitrogen in the biosphere and radically altered rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Despite this rapid change, estimates of global nitrogen deposition patterns generally have low, centennial‐scale temporal resolution. Lack of information on annual‐ to decadal‐scale changes in global nitrogen deposition makes it difficult for scientists researching questions on these finer timescales to contextualize their work within the global nitrogen cycle. Here we use the GEOS‐Chem Chemical Transport Model to estimate wet and dry deposition of inorganic nitrogen globally at a spatial resolution of 2° × 2.5° for 12 individual years in the period from 1984 to 2016. During this time, we found an 8% increase in global inorganic nitrogen deposition from 86.6 to 93.6 TgN/year, a trend that comprised a balance of variable regional patterns. For example, inorganic nitrogen deposition increased in areas including East Asia and Southern Brazil, while inorganic nitrogen deposition declined in areas including Europe. Further, we found a global increase in the percentage of inorganic nitrogen deposited in chemically reduced forms from 30% to 35%, and this trend was largely driven by strong regional increases in the proportion of chemically reduced nitrogen deposited over the United States. This study provides spatially explicit estimates of inorganic nitrogen deposition over the last four decades and improves our understanding of short‐term human impacts on the global nitrogen cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: 1029/2018gb005990mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Estimates of Inorganic Nitrogen Deposition Across Four Decades

Ackerman

Millet

Chen

2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

299

201

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“…Tropical and subtropical ecosystems usually have higher N cycling rates compared with high‐latitude and high‐altitude ecosystems where N mineralization and nitrification are generally lower and plants rely more on organic N sources (Elser et al., ; Liu et al., ; Vitousek et al., ; von Felten et al., ). Until now, most studies on plant N uptake in tropical ecosystems have stressed inorganic N due to its much higher availability than organic N (Andersen, Mayor, & Turner, ; Craine et al., , ; Houlton et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tropical and subtropical ecosystems usually have higher N cycling rates compared with high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems where N mineralization and nitrification are generally lower and plants rely more on organic N sources (Elser et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2018;Vitousek et al, 2010;von Felten et al, 2009 studies on plant N uptake in tropical ecosystems have stressed inorganic N due to its much higher availability than organic N (Andersen, Mayor, & Turner, 2017;Craine et al, 2009Craine et al, , 2015Houlton et al, 2007). Moreover, plant dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) use was often demonstrated experimentally by the uptake of one or a few 15 N-labelled amino acids, which cannot elucidate the real availability of the whole soil DON pool to plants (Kahmen, Livesley, & Arndt, 2009), so that substantial uncertainties existed in the source contri- where 1 = f NH4+ + f NO3− and ε = ε u + ε i × [L below /(L above + L below )].…”

Section: Isotope Mass Balance Calculations Of Soil N Contributions mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant nitrogen and phosphorus utilization under invasive pressure in a montane ecosystem of tropical China

Lei

Tan

et al. 2018

Journal of Ecology

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Exotic plant invasion has been changing the vegetation composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are often the limiting nutrients for terrestrial plants. However, under invasive pressure, in situ plant N and P usage mechanisms remain poorly understood but are pivotal for a better understanding of plant invasion and coexistence in invaded ecosystems. Nitrogen and P concentrations, natural 15N abundance (δ15N values) were investigated in leaves and soils under different invasive pressures (here expressed as the biomass percentages of invasive plants in each plot) for two invasive species (Chromolaena odorata and Ageratina adenophora) in Xishuangbanna in tropical China. Soil N and P concentrations revealed the relatively N‐rich but P‐poor status of our study site. Under invasion, soil inorganic N (dominated by ammonium) and available P did not increase significantly. The leaf N and P of invasive plants increased, while leaf N increased but P decreased for native species. Natural δ15N mass balance between leaves and soil inorganic N sources revealed that ammonium dominated N utilization in both natives and invaders. Invasive plants showed ammonium utilization with increasing leaf N levels, while native plants under no invasion showed nitrate utilization with increasing leaf N levels. Synthesis. Increased soil ammonium availability contributed to preferential ammonium utilization by invasive plants and elevated ammonium utilization in natives, but the P competition of natives decreased in invaded ecosystems. These novel insights into nutrient dynamics in invaded ecosystems enhance our understanding of plant invasion and coexistence mechanisms.

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“…When biomass decomposes, N-rich organic molecules such as amino acids and peptides are released. Ammonia can either (1) be taken up by plants or microbes, or (2) be oxidized by microbes to nitrate (NO À 3 ), a more mobile form of N that is also accessible to plants and microbes (Liu et al 2018). Ammonia can either (1) be taken up by plants or microbes, or (2) be oxidized by microbes to nitrate (NO À 3 ), a more mobile form of N that is also accessible to plants and microbes (Liu et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster nitrogen cycling and more fungal and root biomass in cold ecosystems under experimental warming: a meta‐analysis

Salazar

Rousk

Jónsdóttir

et al. 2019

Ecology

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esson. 2020. Faster nitrogen cycling and more fungal and root biomass in cold ecosystems under experimental warming: a meta-analysis. Ecology 101(2):Abstract. Warming can alter the biogeochemistry and ecology of soils. These alterations can be particularly large in high northern latitude ecosystems, which are experiencing the most intense warming globally. In this meta-analysis, we investigated global trends in how experimental warming is altering the biogeochemistry of the most common limiting nutrient for biological processes in cold ecosystems of high northern latitudes (>50°): nitrogen (N). For comparison, we also analyzed cold ecosystems at intermediate and high southern latitudes. In addition, we examined N-relevant genes and enzymes, and the abundance of belowground organisms. Together, our findings suggest that warming in cold ecosystems increases N mineralization rates and N 2 O emissions and does not affect N fixation, at least not in a consistent way across biomes and conditions. Changes in belowground N fluxes caused by warming lead to an accumulation of N in the forms of dissolved organic and root N. These changes seem to be more closely linked to increases in enzyme activity that target relatively labile N sources, than to changes in the abundance of N-relevant genes (e.g., amoA and nosZ). Finally, our analysis suggests that warming in cold ecosystems leads to an increase in plant roots, fungi, and (likely in an indirect way) fungivores, and does not affect the abundance of archaea, bacteria, or bacterivores. In summary, our findings highlight global trends in the ways warming is altering the biogeochemistry and ecology of soils in cold ecosystems, and provide information that can be valuable for prediction of changes and for management of such ecosystems.

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Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for Arctic tundra plants

Cited by 107 publications

References 80 publications

Global Estimates of Inorganic Nitrogen Deposition Across Four Decades

Global Estimates of Inorganic Nitrogen Deposition Across Four Decades

Plant nitrogen and phosphorus utilization under invasive pressure in a montane ecosystem of tropical China

Faster nitrogen cycling and more fungal and root biomass in cold ecosystems under experimental warming: a meta‐analysis

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