Nitrate contamination in drinking water and colorectal cancer: Exposure assessment and estimated health burden in New Zealand

Richards, Jayne; Chambers, Tim; Hales, Simon; Joy, Michael K.; Radu, Tanja; Woodward, Alistair; Humphrey, Alistair; Randal, Edward; Baker, Michael G

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112322

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…7 Based on an exposure prevalence of 17% and a relative risk of 1.04 per mg/L from one meta-analysis 2 we estimated a colorectal cancer PAF for nitrate in drinking water of 3.3% (95%CI: 0.84 to 5.57). 26 In NZ, this Commentary would result in 100.3 (95%CI: 25.7 to 171.3) nitrate attributable colorectal cancers per year. This is substantially lower than the PAF for obesity or alcohol consumption, but similar to the potential impact of processed meat consumption or tobacco use.…”

Section: Comparative Impact Of Nitrate In Drinking Water To Other Kno...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have estimated that up to 800,000 New Zealanders (17%) could be consuming water with nitrate levels placing them at some risk of colorectal cancer based on international evidence 7 . Based on an exposure prevalence of 17% and a relative risk of 1.04 per mg/L from one meta‐analysis 2 we estimated a colorectal cancer PAF for nitrate in drinking water of 3.3% (95%CI: 0.84 to 5.57) 26 . In NZ, this would result in 100.3 (95%CI: 25.7 to 171.3) nitrate attributable colorectal cancers per year.…”

Section: Comparative Impact Of Nitrate In Drinking Water To Other Kno...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research

Chambers

Douwes

Mannetje

et al. 2022

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Section: Comparative Impact Of Nitrate In Drinking Water To Other Kno...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Impact Of Nitrate In Drinking Water To Other Kno...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research

Chambers

Douwes

Mannetje

et al. 2022

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…Infants develop methemoglobinemia [Martínez de Zabarte Fernández et al 2018]. Long-term intake of nitrates in the human body in excess doses reduces its resistance to the effects of blastomogenic and mutagenic factors [Taneja et al, 2017;Richards et al, 2022].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buffer Effects in Submersed Denitrifying Biofilter

Gevod¹,

Chernova²,

Zhumadulayeva³

et al. 2022

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The high content of nitrates in drinking water leads to serious diseases. The creation of biofiltering devices with the longest time of their operation between preventive flushes is extremely important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of the functioning of the developed U-shaped submersible denitrifying biofilter during its long-term operation in the piston filtration mode. The denitrification of water by using the method of displacement (piston) biofiltration in a submersible small U-shaped biofilter with immovable carriers of attached microflora in its filter load was studied. As a result, clogging of the pore space of the biofilter in the zone of excess bacterial nutrition is prevented and the vital activity of bacteria is maintained in places where there is no nutrient substrate. It has been shown that, due to adaptive mechanisms, denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate ions into gaseous nitrogen, consuming extracellular polymeric substances. The rate constants of the reaction of reduction of nitrates to molecular nitrogen in different zones of the biofilter under different filtration modes were determined. The activity of the microflora inside the biofilter quickly returns to its original level when a full-fledged external nutrition is resumed. The efficiency of nitrate to nitrogen conversion in the studied biofilter is 94.2±8.9%.

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“…The current limit does not account for the emerging epidemiological evidence that has shown an increased risk of colorectal cancer and preterm births at levels as low as 3.9 mg/L 4,5 . In New Zealand, a recent study estimated 800,000 people (17% of the population) may be on public and private water supplies with nitrate levels above 3.9 mg/L 6 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 In New Zealand, a recent study estimated 800,000 people (17% of the population) may be on public and private water supplies with nitrate levels above 3.9 mg/L. 6 Research investigating nitrate contamination in bottled water is limited. Five previous studies in Argentina, 7 Spain, 8 Italy, 9 Canada 1 and Germany 10 found median nitrate levels in bottled water around or below 4.4 mg/L.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the nitrate levels in bottled water in New Zealand

Chambers

Joy

Wilson

et al. 2022

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: There is growing epidemiological evidence linking nitrate contamination to adverse health outcomes. Health concerns may drive consumers towards bottled water, however, nitrate levels in bottled water are not readily available. Methods:We tested water samples from the 10 most popular brands using a TriOS OPUS UV optical nitrate sensor.Results: Overall, all bottled water brands tested returned nitrate levels below 4.4 mg/L NO3. Conclusions:The growing health concerns associated with nitrate contamination suggest that increased reporting of water quality is required.Implications for public health: Mandatory reporting of water quality laboratory reports by bottled water producers would improve transparency to consumers and help public health researchers track potential threats to water quality as new evidence emerges.

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Nitrate contamination in drinking water and colorectal cancer: Exposure assessment and estimated health burden in New Zealand

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research

Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research

Buffer Effects in Submersed Denitrifying Biofilter

Quantifying the nitrate levels in bottled water in New Zealand

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