Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research

Chambers, Tim; Douwes, Jeroen; Mannetje, Andrea ’t; Woodward, Alistair; Baker, Michael G; Wilson, Nick; Hales, Simon

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.13222

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization, nitrite is classified as a class 2A carcinogen, posing a potential threat to human health . The results in Figure A show that all samples possess higher NIAC at pH 2.0 than at pH 7.0, implying that the adsorption of NO 2– by IDF occurs mainly in the stomach.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Extraction Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Aronia melanocarpa

Wen

Qin

Han

et al. 2023

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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The physicochemical properties, structural compositions, and functional properties of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) extracted from Aronia melanocarpa by acid extraction method, alkali extraction method, and enzymatic extraction method (EE) were studied. The results showed that the monosaccharide compositions of the three IDF samples were similar. The average molecular weight of E-IDF was higher than that of AC-IDF and AL-IDF. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and functional groups of IDF samples were changed by different extraction methods, but the effect on thermal stability was not significant. In addition, E-IDF possessed higher water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and water swelling capacity. The nitrite ion adsorption capacity of E-IDF was higher at pH 2.0. At the same time, E-IDF exhibited higher glucose adsorption capacity (GAC) and better adsorption capacity for Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ . The results indicate that the IDF sample extracted by the EE had excellent physicochemical and functional properties and showed great potential as a functional food ingredient.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Extraction Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Aronia melanocarpa

Wen

Qin

Han

et al. 2023

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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“…One of the public health concerns in short-term exposure, methemoglobinaemia is the most common health effect on babies. In addition, researchers found that there was a risk of childhood central nervous system, stomach, brain and colon cancers, glioma and birth defects [ 55 , 56 ]. Nitrate speeds up the production of chloropicrin which is a disinfection byproduct responsible for mutagenesis in bacterial experiment; however some of the hazards of nitrate as a cause of cancer remain controversial [ 57 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health risks associated with drinking water consumption in the upper Awash River sub-basin, Ethiopia, sub-Saharan Africa

Aklilu,

Sahilu,

Ambelu

2024

Heliyon

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“…For example, the MAV for nitrate is 11.3mg/L nitrate nitrogen, but emerging evidence suggests increased risks of bowel cancer 12 and pre-term births 13 at 0.87 mg/L and 5mg/L, respectively (albeit these relationships still involve some uncertainty and have not yet been proven to be causal). 14 The current water service delivery is also contributing to health inequities. Over the 2009-2016 period, supplies serving fewer than 5,000 people accounted for virtually all (96%) of test samples with unacceptable levels of contamination by bacteria.…”

Section: Problems With the Current Water Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond muddy waters: Three Waters reforms required to future-proof water service delivery and protect public health in Aotearoa New Zealand

Baker,

Chambers,

Wilson

et al. 2022

NZMJ

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A 2016 drinking water-related campylobacteriosis outbreak in Aotearoa New Zealand made much of an entire town sick leading to reforms colloquially called "Three Waters", which aims to improve the management and delivery of waste, storm and drinking water systems. Public discourse on the Three Waters reforms has been dominated by anti-co-governance rhetoric, concerns around privatisation and loss of local control and alternative less comprehensive reform models. This debate has drowned out the fundamental problem statement justifying the reforms, that is, the management of drinking water resources is currently: 1) demonstrably inadequate to protect public health and promote health equity; and 2) economically inefficient. We discuss four areas where the proposed Three Waters reforms are likely to address current and future challenges and improve public health. We conclude by outlining four areas of remaining contention.

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Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: the biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research

Abstract: also proliferate in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine and large intestine). 16,17 Thus, nitrite, nitric oxide and other nitrosation agents are potentially bioavailable throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Extraction Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Aronia melanocarpa

Effects of Extraction Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Aronia melanocarpa

Public health risks associated with drinking water consumption in the upper Awash River sub-basin, Ethiopia, sub-Saharan Africa

Beyond muddy waters: Three Waters reforms required to future-proof water service delivery and protect public health in Aotearoa New Zealand

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