NIR Light‐Driven Bi₂Se₃‐Based Nanoreactor with “Three in One” Hemin‐Assisted Cascade Catalysis for Synergetic Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Photocatalytic semiconductor-based nanoreactors, that convert nontoxic mole cules into toxic ones for cancer therapy, have attracted great interest. However, its therapeutic efficiency is limited by the fast electron-hole recombination within a narrow bandgap, low oxidative damage of H 2 O 2 , and tumor hypoxia. Herein, aggregation-limited hemin is introduced onto Bi 2 Se 3 nanoparticles for successively solving these problems. The nanoreactor (Bi 2 Se 3 @ hemin-(G-H)-HA NPs) is obtained through adamantane modified hemin and β-cyclodextrin modified hyaluronic acid complexing and wrapping on Bi 2 Se 3 NPs via host-guest and electrostatic interaction. Once irradiated by NIR light, the hemin assists Bi 2 Se 3 to separate electron-hole pairs and catalyze endogenous H 2 O to generate vast H 2 O 2 , resulting in a 3.9-fold higher H 2 O 2 generation than that of individual Bi 2 Se 3. Subsequently, H 2 O 2 is catalyzed by aggregation-limited hemin to generate highly toxic •OH and •O 2 − , which improves the total reactive oxygen species generation of Bi 2 Se 3 @hemin-(G-H)-HA by 10.8-fold compared to that of Bi 2 Se 3 NPs. Importantly, the cytotoxicity result exhibits a death rate of HepG2 cells of above 90%, even though in a simulated hypoxic environment. Additionally, the in vivo result indicates this nanoreactor realizes an synergetic anticancer effect with a tumor inhibition rate of 92.3%. Overall, such a nanoreactor with hemin-assisted cascade catalysis is a promising candidate for improving therapeutic efficacy.

A Compartmental Silica Nanoreactor for Multienzyme‐Regulated Superactive Catalytic Therapy

“…In addition, the photothermal property of E-I-P-SNs has been studied upon 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. [34] As illustrated in Figure S7, Supporting Information, the relative temperature change (ΔT) of E-I-P-SNs was only 8.3 °C under the laser irradiation (808 nm, 1.0 W cm −2 , 5 min).…”

Photothermal and Enhanced Photocatalytic Therapies Conduce to Synergistic Anticancer Phototherapy with Biodegradable Titanium Diselenide Nanosheets

“…[46] Moreover, diselenides decompose RSNOs in the presence of thiols, and GPx alone can catalyze this reaction in the absence of thiols or H 2 O 2 to generate NO. [47] Moreover, other TMDCs, such as Bi 2 Se 3 [48][49][50] and MoS 2 , [51] show excellent ROS generation and catalytic capability as well as disease treatment ability upon laser irradiation at 808 nm, which provides higher energy for exciting e − and producing h + than visible light.…”

Chemodynamic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics

“…Fenton and Fenton-like reactions, which generate abundant oxidative •OH or O 2 , can be triggered by the endogenous H 2 O 2 of cancer cells and catalyzed by transition metal ions or their complexes [ 18 ]. While Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are commonly suppressed by the insufficient H 2 O 2 and slightly alkaline conditions of a normal microenvironment, in the acidic TME, metal ions can be dissolved from iron or other transition metal ions-based nanomaterials to activate Fenton and Fenton-like reactions [ 19 ].…”