Chemodynamic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics

Abstract

It is of utmost urgency to achieve effective and safe anticancer treatment with the increasing mortality rate of cancer. Novel anticancer drugs and strategies need to be designed for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Fenton- and Fenton-like reaction-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are new strategies to enhance anticancer efficacy due to their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen (O2). On the one hand, the generated ROS can damage the cancer cells directly. On the other hand, the generated O2 can relieve the hypoxic condition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which hinders efficient photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, etc. Therefore, CDT can be used together with many other therapeutic strategies for synergistically enhanced combination therapy. The antitumor applications of Fenton- and Fenton-like reaction-based nanomaterials will be discussed in this review, including: (iþ) producing abundant ROS in-situ to kill cancer cells directly, (ii) enhancing therapeutic efficiency indirectly by Fenton reaction-mediated combination therapy, (iii) diagnosis and monitoring of cancer therapy. These strategies exhibit the potential of CDT-based nanomaterials for efficient cancer therapy.

A tumor microenvironment-responsive poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanoplatform for hypoxia-responsive chemo/chemodynamic therapy

“…Among various drugs, hypoxia-activated prodrugs are of particular interest [ 28 ], because they can be converted to potent anticancer drugs through specific reductase in hypoxic cells [ 25 , 29 ] and effectively kill hypoxic tumor cells within malignant solid tumors [ 27 , 30 ]. It is reasonable to speculate that the combination of hypoxia-sensitive chemotherapy and CDT may enhance the antitumor efficacy to hypoxia tumors and result in the cooperative enhancement in tumor inhibition [ 31 , 32 ]. As the lead compound in benzotriazine-di-N-oxide class of hypoxic cytotoxins, tirapazamine (TPZ) may undergo two different types of breakage reactions in hypoxic tumor cells to produce ·OH and benzotriazinyl (BTZ) radical, inducing DNA strand breakage and topoisomerase II poisoning (Additional file 1 : Fig.…”

Recent Advance of Nanomaterial-Mediated Tumor Therapies in the Past Five Years

“…Chemodynamic therapy is to activate the Fenton/Fenton-like reaction in the tumor microenvironment to generate ROS and kill tumor cells. Chemodynamic therapy can also generate O 2 at tumor sites without tissue depth limitations (Xin et al, 2021). Nanomaterials with high catalytic efficiency and excellent biocompatibility have been applied in chemodynamic therapy, including iron-based nanomaterials, other metal-based nanomaterials such as manganese (Ding et al, 2020) and molybdenum (Dhas et al, 2021), and some organic nanomaterials such as MOF (Zhang S. et al, 2020).…”

GSH/ROS Dual-Responsive Supramolecular Nanoparticles Based on Pillar[6]arene and Betulinic Acid Prodrug for Chemo–Chemodynamic Combination Therapy

“…ROS play an important role in redox signaling pathways, which are a promising target for the treatment of multiple types of cancers [44][45][46]. Fenton-reaction-based CDT can generate ROS, which can damage the cancer cells directly [47]. To explore the inferred mechanism of cell death induced by GOx@BNPs, the levels of intracellular ROS-a significant indicator associated with CDT-were first investigated with the assistance of the ROS detector DCFH-DA.…”