Nilai Tukar Petani Padi di Beberapa Sentra Produksi Padi di Indonesia

Abstract

Continuity of farming and rice production is determined by rice farmers' interest and welfare. One of the measurement instruments used are Rice Farmers Terms of Trade (FTT-Rice). Rice Farmers Terms of Trade will encourage farmers to produce rice. In the period of 2006-2008 FTT-Rice in West Java and North Sumatra decreased while that in South Sulawesi increased. Further investigation showed a decrease in FTT-Rice in West Java was caused by a decrease in the FTT-Consumption. On the other hand, rice production cost increased. In North Sumatra, the FTT-Rice decline occurred not only on consumer goods but also on production cost. While in Sulawesi an increase in FTT-Rice was due to the increase in FTT-Rice to all components in the group either consumption or production cost. From the analysis of Subsistence Rice Terms of Trade (FTTS-Rice) showed that the average rice production accounted for 56.42 percent of the farm household expenditures. Food expense was the households' largest expenditure, while the lowest spending is that for communication. Labor cost was the largest proportion of the production cost, while the cost of other production inputs was relatively small. The FTT-Rice fluctuates monthly, i.e., the lowest was found on April and May along with the period of paddy harvest and lowest price of rice. The highest FTT-Rice took place from December to January during off season. This study implies :(a) increased production of rice was not always followed by an increase in FTT-Rice and it even resulted in a decreased FTT because the measurement was only based on FTT-Rice to price ratio; (b) it is important to maintain effectiveness of the floor price policy for price in order to stabilize the selling price of rice at farm level; and (c) it is necessary to offer credit to farmers, such as warehouse receipt, to encourage farmers to delay rice selling after harvest. Improving the FTT does not depend on the agricultural policy only, but also related with policies of non-agricultural sectors. Floor price policy for rice should be adjusted in accordance with dynamics of consumer product prices.

Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) di Indonesia

“…Dengan meningkatnya sektor pertanian di Indonesia maka kesejahteraan petani akan meningkat. Namun berdasarkan hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi dinilai belum mampu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan, kesejahteraan petani, dan untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan yang ada di pedesaan (Nurasa and Rachmat, 2016) . Selain itu sektor pertanian memiliki kontribusi yang sangat penting bagi pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia.…”

“…Pelaksanaan pembangunan pertanian sebenarnya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Namun berdasarkan hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi dinilai belum cukup mampu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan, kesejahteraan petani, dan untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan yang ada di pedesaan (Nurasa and Rachmat, 2016). apabila dibandingkan dengan Negara lain, Indonesia dengan mayoritas penduduknya bekerja pada sektor pertanian seharusnya kesejahteraan petani dan masyarakatnya lebih terjamin.…”

Analysis of Cattle Farmer Exchange Rate (Ntp-T) and the Factors That Influence It in Sidoarjo Regency

“…doi: 10.7821/ijetmr.v8.i5.2021.934 cultural development activities that have been implemented and are currently running, the welfare of farmers has always been one of the main goals and in the future it is believed to be still one of the main priorities / targets of agricultural development. One indicator that can be used to measure the welfare of farmers can use the Farmer Exchange Rate (FER) Nurasa and Rachmat (2016) Farmer Exchange Rate is the comparison between the price index received by farmers and the price index paid by farmers Kabupaten (2020a).The exchange rate of farmers is also an indicator of production to determine the level of farmer welfare, namely the comparison of the price index received by farmers to the price index paid by farmers Pangestika and Prihtanti (2020). This value can indicate the level of exchangeability of products produced by farmers with products or services needed for agricultural production processes and household consumption.…”

“…NTP describes the purchasing power / exchange power of farmers to products paid / purchased by farmers, namely products / consumer goods and purchased production inputs. Nurasa and Rachmat (2016). NTP is the purchasing power / exchange power of farmers against goods purchased by farmers where this value shows the real ability of farmers and indicates farmer welfare.…”

Analisis Tren Nilai Tukar Petani Tanaman Pangan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

“…Padahal kenaikan produksi tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP). Tingkat harga jual komoditas petani merupakan faktor yang cukup berpengaruh terhadap NTP (jurnalmilenial.com) Sementara Nurasa dan Rachmat (2013) dalam penelitiannya menyatakan bahwa saat produksi padi yang biasanya terjadi pada bulan April-Mei, umumnya nilai tukar padi berada pada posisi yang rendah sehingga menyebabkan NTP juga pada posisi yang rendah pula. Sedangkan pada bulan Desember-Januari yang merupakan saat masa paceklik NTP -padi berada pada posisi tertinggi.…”