Nickel‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Nickel‐rich layered transition metal oxides are considered as promising cathode candidates to construct next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries to satisfy the demands of electrical vehicles, because of the high energy density, low cost, and environment friendliness. However, some problems related to rate capability, structure stability, and safety still hamper their commercial application. In this Review, beginning with the relationships between the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance, the underlying mechanisms of the capacity/voltage fade and the unstable structure of Ni‐rich cathodes are deeply analyzed. Furthermore, the recent research progress of Ni‐rich oxide cathode materials through element doping, surface modification, and structure tuning are summarized. Finally, this review concludes by discussing new insights to expand the field of Ni‐rich oxides and promote practical applications.

Regulating Intercalation of Layered Compounds for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

“…During the past years, the specific energy of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, has increased from approximately 90 Wh kg −1 cell in the 1990s to over 250 Wh kg −1 cell today, which has accompanied with many research works and available commercial lithium batteries to focus on electric vehicle applications. [63][64][65][66][67][68] Graphite, a mineral which contains many layers of graphene, is the most widely used anode materials in LIBs. Despite the low price, safety and environmentally friendliness, the lower gravimetric capacity of graphite led researchers to find alternative materials.…”

Enhancing cycle life of nickel-rich LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 via a highly fluorinated electrolyte additive - pentafluoropyridine

“…Nickel-rich (Ni-rich) LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM, x ≥ 0.9) layered oxides have been considered one of the most promising cathode materials for next generation LIBs due to their high specific capacity and high achievable energy density, in comparison with LiCoO2 and NCM analogues with lower Ni content. [5][6][7] However, there are still some key problems unsolved for the Ni-rich cathode materials, especially the rapid capacity deterioration when operated with high charge cut-off voltages ≥ 4.3 V vs. Li/Li + . The reasons causing the rapid capacity deterioration of the Ni-rich NCM include (1) irreversible structure transformation from layered to disordered rock-salt phase during repeated charging and discharging process with excessive lithium utilization, [8] (2) the interfacial degradation resulted from the parasitic side reactions between Ni-rich NCM and electrolyte.…”

One-Step Solvometallurgical Process for Purification of Lithium Chloride to Battery Grade

“…Lithium is extracted through a series of processing steps (including heating, precipitation, carbonation) as lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), which presently is the most important lithium compound for lithium-ion battery applications [7][8][9][10]. However, the importance of lithium hydroxide, in the form of its monohydrate LiOH•H 2 O, is increasing sharply, mainly because it can be used as a starting compound for nickel-rich NMC cathode materials, which are desirable for their high reversible capacity, high energy density, good rate capability, and relatively low cost [11][12][13]. LiOH allows for fast and complete synthesis of the cathode materials at lower temperatures than when using…”