Regulating Intercalation of Layered Compounds for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Layered materials have received extensive attention for widespread applications such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and ion transport owing to their fast ion diffusion, exfoliative feature, superior mechanical flexibility, tunable bandgap structure, etc. The presence of large interlayer space between each layer enhances intercalation of the guest ion or molecule, which is beneficial for fast ion diffusion and charge transport along the channels. This intercalation reaction of layered compounds with guest species results in material with improved mechanical and electronic properties for efficient energy storage and conversion, catalysis, ion transport, and other applications. This review extensively discusses the intercalation of guest ionic or molecular species into layered materials used for various types of applications. It assesses the intercalation strategies, mechanism of ionic or molecular intercalation reactions, and highlights recent advancements. The electrochemical performances of several typical intercalated materials in batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalytic systems have been thoroughly discussed. Moreover, the challenges in the design and intercalation of layered materials, as well as prospects of future development are highlighted.

Emerging two-dimensional nanostructured manganese-based materials for electrochemical energy storage: recent advances, mechanisms, challenges, and prospects

“…According to the previous point of view, increases in tunnel dimensions can result a higher achievable specic capacity, and intercalation can greatly reduce these capacity fading issues induced by structural instability due to the reduced volumetric variation during the insertion/extraction process of carrier ions. 354 d-MnO 2 with a layered structure and a-MnO 2 with a tunnel structure are reported widely, and they have been recognized as suitable compounds for an electrode material for intercalation/ deintercalation-based charge storage due to the larger interlayer spacing and tunnel. 355 Alkali metal ion (K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ ) intercalation hasbecome an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of MnO 2 .…”

Novel Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Cathode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: V2O5 Pillared with Diethylenetriamine like a Double-Stud

“…Generally, the organic molecules are usually located between the layers of V 2 O 5 acting as “pillars”. However, little attention has been paid to the orientation or bonding type exhibited by the organic molecules inside V 2 O 5 , which is critical to the stability and intercalation exfoliation …”

“…However, little attention has been paid to the orientation or bonding type exhibited by the organic molecules inside V 2 O 5 , which is critical to the stability and intercalation exfoliation. 26 Herein, with the assistance of DETA, the novel inorganic− organic composite of V 2 O 5 -DETA is fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method. DETA molecules serve as the morphology inducers and "pillars" standing between the interlayers of V 2 O 5 nanosheets.…”

Energetic and Kinetic Coupling between the Intercalated Atom and Intrinsic S Vacancy in the MoS2 Bilayer

“…Plenty of layered materials intercalated with different guest atoms in the van der Waals (vdW) gap have been fabricated, which is believed to be a vital strategy for material property modulation aiming at applications in diverse fields, such as electronics, , optics, , superconductors, , thermoelectrics, , catalysis, , and energy storage. , One of the most classic and notable examples is the intercalation of Li ions in two-dimensional (2D)-layered crystals that led to the development of Li-ion batteries in the 1970s . Also, Li-intercalated MoS 2 can achieve a simultaneous enhancement of optical transmission and electrical conductivity, with great application potential as a high-performance transparent conductor. , With the continuous development of synthesis and characterization methods, extensive research on intercalated layered materials has been conducted.…”