Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles on Screen‐printed Electrodes as an Impedimetric Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensor

Abstract

In this study, the electrodeposition of nickel hydroxide nanoparticles onto a screen‐printed electrode (Ni(OH)2/SPE) is described. Ni(OH)2/SPE is proposed as an alternative non‐enzymatic glucose sensor based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.The SPEs were modified by the cathodic electrodeposition of nickel, from a solution containing 0.010 M Ni(NO3)2 and 1 M NH4Cl, at −1.3 V for 60 seconds. The SEM images show a uniform distribution of nickel spherical nanoparticles, with 60 nm average particle size. However, such morphology is not observed when the electrodeposition occurs in the absence of NH4Cl. The electrochemical properties of the sensor were carefully evaluated by Cyclic Voltammetry. Ni(OH)2/SPE shows a remarkable electrocatalytic behavior towards the oxidation of glucose in 0.1 M KOH. EIS measurements were carried out for Ni(OH)2/SPE and a single‐frequency impedance method is proposed as transduction principle for glucose determination. The analysis of each parameter of complex impedance was performed. The best linear response was obtained for the module of impedance (|Z|) in the range of 0–2 mM of glucose at 0.1 Hz (R2=0.992) with a slope of 0.137 KΩ−1⋅mM−1 of glucose. Finally, Ni(OH)2/SPE was utilized for quantification of glucose in blood samples.

Disposable non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on screen-printed graphite macroelectrodes modified via a facile methodology with Ni, Cu, and Ni/Cu hydroxides are shown to accurately determine glucose in real human serum blood samples

“…As can be seen from TableS1, Ni(OH) 2 /SPE, Cu(OH) 2 /SPE and Ni(OH) 2 /Cu(OH) 2 /SPE sensors presented in this work exhibited good performance in terms of wide linear range, high sensitivity and low detection limit in respect to results published in previous studies[36][37][38][39]. To the best of our knowledge, Cu(OH) 2 /SPE and Ni(OH) 2 /Cu(OH) 2 /SPE are the first impedimetric non-enzymatic sensors described to determine glucose concentration using disposable electrodes.…”