New Type of Exfoliatin Obtained from Staphylococcal Strains, Belonging to Phage Groups Other than Group II, Isolated from Patients with Impetigo and Ritter's Disease

Kondo, Isamu; Sakurai, Susumu; Sarai, Yasunaga

doi:10.1128/iai.10.4.851-861.1974

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The percentage of ammonium sulfate precipitating shET was 60-100%, and the optimum concentration of ammonium sulfate for the isolation of shET was 90%. In sETA and sETB (7,8), the percentages of ammonium sulfate precipitating the toxin protein were 50-100% and 25-75%, respectively. Based on the above findings, the optimum concentration of ammonium sulfate for the isolation of shET was nearly the same as that of sETA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Amtsberg (1) found that the culture filtrate of S. hyicus contained an exotoxin that caused exfoliation in piglets. He also suggested that this exotoxin is different from the two serotypes of exfoliative toxin (sETA and sETB) (7,8) produced by S. aureus. In 1991, we isolated such an exotoxin from the culture filtrate of S. hyicus strain P-1 and designated it shET (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimum Culture Conditions for Production of Exfoliative Toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus

Watanabe

Tanabe

Sato

et al. 1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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Optimum culture conditions for the production of exfoliative toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus (shET) were examined. High shET activity was obtained from the culture filtrate of HI and TY broth inoculated with S. hyicus. The pH in these two media ranged from 7 to 8.5 during bacterial culture, while the lowest pH in TS and BHI broth was less than 6. shET activity in the culture filtrate from TY broth inoculated with 107 CFU of S. hyicus per ml was higher than that in TY broth inoculated with 106 and 108 CFU of bacteria per ml. When shET activity in the culture filtrate was measured under various shaking conditions, the culture filtrate shaken at 75 oscillations per min had the highest shET activity of the five shaking conditions. shET activity of the culture filtrate of TY broth to which protease inhibitor had been added was the same as that of TY broth without inhibitor. shET activity in a shaking culture in an Erlenmeyer flask was also the same as that in sac culture and that in shaking culture using a shaking (Sakaguchi) flask. shET activity in TY broth supplemented with 100 mM glucose was significantly lower than that in TY broth without glucose. Based on the above results, the optimum culture conditions for the production of shET were as follows: inoculation of 3 × 109 CFU of S. hyicus strain P‐1 into 300 ml of TY broth in a 2,000‐ml Erlenmeyer flask, and incubation at 37 C with shaking at 75 oscillations per min. Then shET activity of the culture filtrate under appropriate culture conditions was measured after various incubation periods. shET activity was detected 6 hr after inoculation, reached the maximum (253 exfoliative unit/0.1 ml) at 16 hr and decreased between 20 and 48 hr. Thus, the optimum incubation period was determined to be 16 hr. Then the optimum concentration of ammonium sulfate for isolation of shET from the culture filtrate under appropriate culture conditions was examined. The greatest shET activity was obtained from the fraction salted out with 90% saturated ammonium sulfate. Thus, the optimum concentration of ammonium sulfate for the isolation of shET was determined to be 90% saturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Culture Conditions for Production of Exfoliative Toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus

Watanabe

Tanabe

Sato

et al. 1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…In 1994, we isolated a new exfoliative toxin (ETC) from a S. aureus strain isolated from a horse affected with phlegmon (Sato et al, 1994). ETA and ETB cause exfoliation in suckling mice (Kondo et al, 1973(Kondo et al, , 1974, but not in 1-day-old chicken whereas ETC causes exfoliation in both suckling mice and 1-day-old chickens (Sato et al, 1994). Recently, Yamaguchi et al (2002) isolated a new serotype of exfoliative toxin, ETD, from clinical isolates of S. aureus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of a novel Staphylococcus chromogenes Exfoliative Toxin

Sato

Hirose

Terauchi

et al. 2004

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Staphylococcus chromogenes strains were isolated in pure culture from six to eight adult pigs affected with exudative epidermitis (EE), while those were isolated from healthy adult pigs, piglets affected with EE and healthy piglets at low rate. The culture filtrates (CFs) of the above isolates caused rounding effect on cultured cells and exfoliation in 1-day-old chickens. The exfoliative toxin was isolated from CF of a strain (PC-16) possessed strong toxic activity and designated S. chromogenes exfoliative toxin (SCET). The SCET was purified by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified SCET caused exfoliation in 1-dayold chickens. The SCET has no caseinolytic protease activity. The SCET was serologically different from S. aureus exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB and ETC), S. hyicus exfoliative toxins (SHETA and SHETB), and S. intermedius exfoliative toxin (SIET). The molecular weights of SCET (30 kDa) were slightly larger than those of ETs (27 kDa) and SHETs (27 kDa), but almost same as SIET. The SCET caused exfoliation in 1-dayold chickens, but not in suckling mice. The SCET was a heatstable toxin as well as a S. aureus exfoliative toxin A (ETA). When SCET was inoculated subcutaneously into piglets, the exfoliation were observed in the skin of piglets after 24 h of injection.

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“…Histologic studies in mice and hamsters less than 5 days old, which are the only known nonhuman animals susceptible to the toxin, have shown acantholysis and epidermal cleavage immediately below or within the stratum granulosum with no inflammatory cells in either the dermis or the epidermis (1,9,15). We have previously reported two serotypes, ETA and ETB (3)(4)(5), with equal biological activity. Both the eta and etb genes have been cloned (8,10,12) and sequenced (8,11,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simple and Rapid Method for Purifying Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin A

Yamazaki

Sakurai²,

Matsuo

et al. 2000

Microbiology and Immunology

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A rapid and efficient method of purification of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A, the causative agent of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), has been developed. It is based on ammonium sulfate precipitation of the culture supernatant and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on PhenylSepharose CL-4B. This procedure results in 87-fold purification of this toxin, which appears as a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.

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New Type of Exfoliatin Obtained from Staphylococcal Strains, Belonging to Phage Groups Other than Group II, Isolated from Patients with Impetigo and Ritter's Disease

Cited by 81 publications

References 6 publications

Optimum Culture Conditions for Production of Exfoliative Toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus

Optimum Culture Conditions for Production of Exfoliative Toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus

Purification and Characterization of a novel Staphylococcus chromogenes Exfoliative Toxin

A Simple and Rapid Method for Purifying Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin A

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