Purification and Characterization of a novel Staphylococcus chromogenes Exfoliative Toxin

Abstract

Staphylococcus chromogenes strains were isolated in pure culture from six to eight adult pigs affected with exudative epidermitis (EE), while those were isolated from healthy adult pigs, piglets affected with EE and healthy piglets at low rate. The culture filtrates (CFs) of the above isolates caused rounding effect on cultured cells and exfoliation in 1-day-old chickens. The exfoliative toxin was isolated from CF of a strain (PC-16) possessed strong toxic activity and designated S. chromogenes exfoliative toxin (SCET). The SCET was purified by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified SCET caused exfoliation in 1-dayold chickens. The SCET has no caseinolytic protease activity. The SCET was serologically different from S. aureus exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB and ETC), S. hyicus exfoliative toxins (SHETA and SHETB), and S. intermedius exfoliative toxin (SIET). The molecular weights of SCET (30 kDa) were slightly larger than those of ETs (27 kDa) and SHETs (27 kDa), but almost same as SIET. The SCET caused exfoliation in 1-dayold chickens, but not in suckling mice. The SCET was a heatstable toxin as well as a S. aureus exfoliative toxin A (ETA). When SCET was inoculated subcutaneously into piglets, the exfoliation were observed in the skin of piglets after 24 h of injection.

Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: “Molecular scissors” of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals

“…Sato et al [40] isolated S. aureus ETC from a horse with phlegmon. In addition, two S. hyicus ETs, SHETA and SHETB, and two S. chromogenes ETs were obtained from pigs with exudative epidermitis [29,[41][42][43], and the S. intermedius ET SIETwas isolated from dogs with pyoderma [44]. DNA encoding ETC, SHETA, SHETB, SIET, and an S. chromogenes ET were cloned, and the nucleotide sequences deposited in GenBank [5,31,[43][44][45].…”

Dermatoses affecting desmosomes in animals: a mechanistic review of acantholytic blistering skin diseases

“…Exudative epidermitis (EE) is a severe skin disease that affects principally suckling and weaned piglets 42 . It is now known to be due to exfoliatin toxin‐producing strains of several Staphylococcus species that include – mostly – Staphylococcus hyicus , 42,43 but also Staphylococcus chromogenes 44,45 and Staphylococcus sciuri. 46 Affected piglets usually develop an acute or peracute dermatitis that originates on the face and extends rapidly to the characteristic generalized erythema, brown exudation and crusting overlying shallow erosions (Figure 6a,b).…”

Staphylokokken-Enterotoxine: Bildung, Eigenschaften und Nachweis

“…hyicus wurde bei Infektionskrankheiten verschiedener Tiere isoliert, insbesondere gilt er als Erreger der Exsudativen Epidermitis des Schweines (Sompolinsky, 1953). Einiges deutet darauf hin, daß diese Erkrankung, die auf als Exfoliatine bezeichnete Toxine zurückgeführt wird (Andresen et al, 1997), aber auch durch S. chromogenes hervorgerufen werden kann (Sato et al, 2004;Andresen et al, 2005). Infektionen mit S. hyicus beim Menschen scheinen selten zu sein.…”