New multi-electron high capacity anodes based on nanoparticle vanadium phosphides

Lambert, Timothy N.; Davis, Danae J.; Limmer, Steven J.; Hibbs, Michael; Lavin, Judith Maria

doi:10.1039/c1cc13141a

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is known that the mechanochemical method utilizes mechanical energy to make a chemical reaction take place, and the reaction process is sometimes complex. Some literatures have mentioned that the mechanochemical method can easily create defects (such as dislocations) to afford non-stoichiometric compounds, and the reaction process/mechanism can be material-dependent [7,[35][36][37]. Among iron phosphide alloys, to the best of our knowledge, FeP 4 single phase has not been synthesized through the mechanochemical method yet, as other impurity phases such as FeP and/or FeP 2 are always found [14,38,39].…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an improvement of cyclability may be attributed to adding FEC can benefit the SEI formation and stabilization. In addition, other approaches, such as nanosizing the particle along with morphology control [5,7,18,25,[48][49][50], surface modification with Sn/SnO [16], ZnO [51] or organic carbon [52,53], doping [54], alloying [55], binder modification [56], could also improve the rate performance and cycle stability.…”

Section: Galvanostatic Discharge/charge Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorous and its compounds have been utilized to develop novel energy materials with improved performance. Plenty of phosphorous alloys, such as Ti-P [6], V-P [7,8], Mn-P [9,10], Fe-P [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], Co-P [20,21], Ni-P [22,23], Cu-P [24,25], Zn-P [26], Ga-P [27], Mo-P [5], In-P [28], Sn-P [29,30], have been reported as the promising anode materials for high performance batteries. Among these alloys, Fe-P alloys are especially interesting because of their unique properties like thermodynamic stability, anti-corrosion ability, high theoretical capacity, environmental compatibility, and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile synthesis and electrochemical performance of the nanoscaled FeP anode

Wang

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2014

Journal of Power Sources

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Fe-P alloys with high phosphorous content have been targeted as promising anode materials because of their high theoretical capacity. However, the synthesis and cycling performance remain great challenges. Hereby FeP y (3≤y≤4) nanoparticles are facilely synthesized through a dry mechanochemical method by reacting iron and red phosphorus powders in an inert atmosphere. The morphology and crystal structure of this material are characterized by SEM and XRD, respectively, while the electrochemical performance is evaluated by a number of different techniques. The 1 st and 2 nd discharge capacity of FeP y reaches 1984 mAh/g and 1486 mAh/g, respectively, and after 10 cycles at 0.03 mA cm-2 (20 mA g-1 , 0.03 C), the capacity remains 1089 mAh/g with a coulombic efficiency of 97%, much higher than the reported results to date. The cyclability of this material becomes fairly better at a higher current density, but the specific capacity is lower compared to that of the smaller current density. By adding fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to the electrolyte, the cycling performance of this material was improved. The EIS analysis has also been performed in order to better understand the capacity fade mechanism of FeP y .

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Galvanostatic Discharge/charge Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile synthesis and electrochemical performance of the nanoscaled FeP anode

Wang

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2014

Journal of Power Sources

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“…5) surface of the CaB 6 particles and the pores provide channels for electrolyte transportation. 34,35 As demonstrated above, CaB 6 can be electrochemically produced from a simple compound, calciborite, which can be synthesized using the discharge products of CaB 6 in an alkaline primary battery as raw materials. It is understood that part of the CaB 6 will be covered by the insoluble discharge products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytic calcium hexaboride for high capacity anode of aqueous primary batteries

et al. 2015

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The use of lightweight elements/compounds and the employment of multi-electron reaction (MER) chemistry are two approaches used to develope high energy density materials for batteries. In this work, nanoscaled calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) was prepared in one-step by the electro-reduction of solid calcium borate (CaB 2 O 4 ) in molten CaCl 2 -NaCl. CaB 2 O 4 was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. It was revealed that the electrolytic CaB 6 delivers a specific capacity of 2400 mA h g À1 in 30%KOH solution though a multi-electron reaction mechanism. Its practical gravimetric energy is three times that of Zn. Decrease of particle size substantially improves both the electrochemical activity and discharge capacity of CaB 6 . The electrolysis of CaB 2 O 4 in molten salt provides a straightforward and sustainable way to prepare high-capacity CaB 6 using low-cost and environmentally friendly boron and calcium resources, which can be recycled from the used CaB 6 primary batteries.

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“…Additionally, other multi-electron materials such as metal borides and phosphides have also been investigated as potential candidates for high energy density anode materials, [25][26][27] but these materials oen suffer from rather low open circuit voltages (with a theoretical maximum full cell voltage of $1.3 V and a demonstrated value of $0.87 V). 26 Furthermore, the poor intrinsic conductivity of these materials can also limit the achievable power density of these systems and oen requires additional conductive additives such as carbon black.…”

Section: Broader Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%