New, Green and Miniaturized Analytical Method for Determination of Cefadroxil Monohydrate in Capsules

Abstract

Cefadroxil, an oral antimicrobial, presents few techniques optimized for the reduction of solvents and toxic residues and/or non-use of them. So, a quantitative, new and miniaturized method for determination of cefadroxil monohydrate in capsules has been developed and validated by spectrophotometric method in the visible region according to the international guidelines. The analyzes were performed using microplates containing 96 wells, 1 % of phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide 0.1 M as reagent at 552 nm. The method was (i) linear in the range of 15-115 µg mL-1, (ii) selective when comparing standard, sample, adjuvants and color reagent, (iii) precise with deviations below 4 %, (iv) accurate when comparing the proposed method with the HPLC method, (v) robusts by making small and deliberate modifications to the method, (vi) besides being fast, low cost, eco-friendly and generates minimal amount of waste. The method can be applied to the routine quality control of cefadroxil monohydrate in capsules and an effective and accessible alternative that contemplates the concepts of current and sustainable green analytical chemistry.

Metformin: A Review of Characteristics, Properties, Analytical Methods and Impact in the Green Chemistry

“…If this is not possible, work must be done through on recovery of toxic solvents, as these materials cannot be disposed of directly into the environment. [5,16,20,29,36,48,53,57,59,60] Decrease the process steps and the pre-treatment of the samples are also a part of the green chemistry, because these activities directly influence in the amount of reagents used, the time of analysis or reaction, the number of materials required and cost involved. [16,27,29] The method of spectrophotometry in the infrared region is an option and a reality for analysis of pharmaceuticals.…”

“…The method of spectrophotometry in the infrared region is also able to indicate the stability of the product to be analyzed by comparing the spectrum of the standard, being considered an indicative method of stability. [3,15,26,28,36,43,59,64] The choice of equipment should also be important, it is recommended to use those that require the least amount of solvent, less time for analysis, lower energy consumption, lower costs for the company and lower final product prices as for example the HPLC or capillary electrophoresis. In capillary electrophoresis, samples are used around nL and in HPLC it is used around mL.…”

FTIR Spectrophotometry as a Green Tool for Quantitative Analysis of Drugs: Practical Application to Amoxicillin

“…On the other hand, this method requires high control of humidity and temperature of the working environment. e development of the analytical methods by spectrophotometry in the mid-infrared region has been successfully used in the quanti cation of other drugs [18,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. To develop the proposed method, the rst step was a qualitative test.…”

Eco-friendly and miniaturized analytical method for quantification of Rifaximin in tablets

“…The validation is important to ensure the quality and to show that the method is suited for the proposition intended and it is safety to be done (24). The advantage of miniaturized system is low amount of sample, solvents and reagents, decrease time of analysis and mainly reduce the waste generation (25)(26)(27). In the literature two articles about spectrophotometric in ultraviolet region method were founded (28)(29), however one of them uses toxic solvents like methanol and the other it is not miniaturized method as this research and therefore it does not contemplate the advantages mentioned above.…”