New Generation of Tunable Bioactive Shape Memory Mats Integrated with Genetically Engineered Proteins

Abstract

Aligned poly(l‐lactide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) binary blend fibers and mats loaded with a chimeric green fluorescence protein having a bioactive peptide with hydroxyapatite binding and mineralization property are prepared by pressurized gyration. The effect of processing parameters on the product morphologies, and the shape memory properties of these samples are investigated. Integration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the fiber assembly is self‐directed using the hydroxyapatite‐binding property of the peptide genetically engineered to green fluorescence protein. Fluorescence microscopy analysis corroborated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirms the integration of the chimeric protein with the fibers. An enzyme based remineralization assay is conducted to study the effects of peptide‐mediated mineralization within the fiber mats. Raman and FTIR spectral changes observed following the peptide‐mediated mineralization provides an initial step toward a soft‐hard material transition. These results show that programmable shape memory properties can be obtained by incorporating genetically engineered bioactive peptide domains into polymer fibers.

3D Bioprinting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Constructs for In Situ Cell Proliferation and Successive Multilineage Differentiation

“…Recent interest in recapitulating the 3D cytoarchitecture of native tissues in vitro to better simulate cell behavior in vivo, together with advances in fabricating bioactive, mechanically tunable and biocompatible materials are driving the application of 3D configured biomaterials for stem cell research and therapy. [7,8] For example, by mimicking important features of a target tissue including the extracellular microenvironment, 3D-biomaterials have the potential to instruct cell fate and function in ways not previously attainable. [9] Therefore, although still exploratory, we envisage the synergism of stem-cell biology and 3D-biomaterial technology being influential in iPSC-based research and translation.…”

Mechanically Tunable Bioink for 3D Bioprinting of Human Cells

“…Therefore, a broader range of materials can be employed, for example, thermoplasts, such as poly(caprolactone), [6] and additionally, other alternative scaffold fabrication techniques, such as electrospinning, or pressurized gyration can be combined with subsequent functionalization of the scaffold with proteins. [7] In contrast, the latter approach, that is, direct fabrication of cellloaded constructs by hydrogel molding or 3D printing, places high demands on the cytocompatibility of the material and the fabrication process and the resolution is limited by the size of the extrusion nozzle utilized in the fabrication process. [8] However, the advantage of direct fabrication techniques, especially of 3D bioprinting, is its ability to generate constructs with spatially defined cell and material composition.…”

Development of artificial bone marrow fibre scaffolds to study resistance to anti‐leukaemia agents

“…To address this experimental limitation, attempts have been made to produce 3D cultures (Imamura et al , ). Polymeric fibres have been applied extensively in the manufacture of scaffolds because of their unique characteristics, such as high surface area to volume ratio, high rate of absorption and low density (Wu et al , ). We hypothesized that a 3D culture using a fibre‐based synthetic scaffold designed to mimic the BM microenvironment might provide an optimal microenvironment for proliferation of leukaemia cells.…”