New estimates of microalgae production based upon nitrate reductions under sea ice in Canadian shelf seas and the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean

Matrai, Patricia A.; Apollonio, Spencer

doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2181-0

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…DMSPp concentrations associated with these under‐ice blooms were among the highest reported for Arctic seawater. Considering that the extent of these under‐ice blooms are predicted to increase in the future [ Mundy et al ., ; Arrigo et al ., ; Boetius et al ., ; Matrai and Apollonio , ], their importance as a source of DMSP and DMS needs to be further evaluated. Altogether, our results confirm the importance of Arctic sea ice as a source of DMSPp, and potentially DMSPd and DMS, for the water column during spring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and physical processes influencing sea ice, under‐ice algae, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate during spring in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

et al. 2014

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This study presents temporal variations in concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), particulate and dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp and DMSPd) in the sea ice and underlying water column in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during the spring of 2010 and 2011. During both years, bottom ice Chl a, DMSPp and DMSPd concentrations were high (up to 1328 mg L 21, 15,082 nmol L 21, and 6110 nmol L 21 , respectively) in May and decreased thereafter. The release of bottom ice algae and DMSPp in the water column was gradual in 2010 and rapid (8 days) in 2011. Bottom brine drainage during the presnowmelt period in 2010 and a rapid loss of the snow cover in 2011 coinciding with rain events explain most of the difference between the 2 years. During both years, less than 13% of the DMSPd lost from the ice was detected in the water column, suggesting a rapid microbial consumption. An under-ice diatom bloom developed in both years. In 2010, the bloom was dominated by centric diatoms while in 2011 pennates dominated, likely reflecting seeding by ice algae following the faster snowmelt progression induced by rainfall events in 2011. Both under-ice blooms were associated with high DMSPp concentrations (up to 185 nmol L 21 ), but pennate diatoms showed DMSPp/Chl a ratios twice higher than centrics. These results highlight the key role of snowmelt and precipitation on the temporal pattern of ice-DMSP release to the water column and on the timing, taxonomic composition, and DMSP content of phytoplankton under-ice blooms in the Arctic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and physical processes influencing sea ice, under‐ice algae, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate during spring in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

et al. 2014

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“…Leck et al 1990, Matrai & Keller 1993, Kwint & Kramer 1995. The frequency and coverage of these under-ice blooms are expected to increase with climate warming and the replacement of multi-year ice by first-year ice (Arrigo et al 2012, Boetius et al 2013, Matrai & Apollonio 2013. Thus, it becomes important to characterize the net DMS production during the different stages of the under-ice bloom development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-ice microbial dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolism during the melt period in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Galindo¹,

Levasseur²,

Scarratt³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This study reports on the temporal variations in algal and bacterial metabolism of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd) in Arctic ice-covered waters in response to the release of organic matter (OM) from the sea ice and the onset of under-ice phytoplankton growth. Sampling took place between 21 May and 21 June 2012 at a station located in Resolute Passage. A snow and ice melt event was accompanied by an important release of OM and total DMSP from the bottom ice to the water column. This input of OM coincided with increases in DMSPd and DMSPd loss rate constant at the ice-water interface and, 2 days later, with increases in DMSPd and bacterial dimethylsulfide (DMS) yields from DMSPd at 0.5 m under the ice. The different microbial responses suggest that DMSPd-rich brines were released first, followed by the release of sympagic algae due to ice melt. In both cases, the changes in DMSPd metabolism resulted in an increase in gross DMS production from 0.15 to 1.9 nmol l −1 d −1. The initiation of phytoplankton growth resulted in increases in bacterial abundance, DMSPd loss-rate constant and DMSP-sulfur assimilation. In contrast, DMS yield remained low during the onset of phytoplankton growth, indicating that bacteria used DMSP as a carbon and sulfur source. These results show that ice DMSPd can be rapidly (<1 d) and efficiently (up to 10%) converted into DMS by bacteria once released in surface water during melt events, a process that could contribute to DMS peaks measured at the ice edge.

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“…Throughout the analysis, we term the former as surface production ( P 1 ) and the latter as subsurface production ( P 2 ). Based on production distributions inferred from nitrate uptake [ Codispoti et al ., ; Matrai and Apollonio , ] and chlorophyll and production profiles [ Martin et al ., ; McLaughlin and Carmack , ; Brown et al ., ], we chose a reference depth of 20 m (explained in section 4). The subsurface fraction of production is defined as that which occurs below the reference depth

Prop = \frac{P_{2}}{P_{1} + P_{2}},

giving a simple metric that can be related to ambient nitrate and light conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, substantial phytoplankton growth can occur under ice [ Arrigo et al ., ; Matrai and Apollonio , ] and in photosynthetically competent subsurface chlorophyll maxima [ Hill and Cota , ; McLaughlin and Carmack , ], but the distribution and magnitude of under ice and subsurface production remain unclear [ Arrigo et al ., ; Hill et al ., ; Martin et al ., ] because they are not retrievable by satellite [ Smith , ; Pabi et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the vertical phytoplankton response to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean

et al. 2015

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Rapidly retreating sea ice is expected to influence future phytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean by perturbing nutrient and light fields, but poor understanding of present phytoplankton distributions and governing mechanisms make projected changes highly uncertain. Here we use a simulation that reproduces observed seasonal phytoplankton chlorophyll distributions and annual nitrate to hypothesize that surface nitrate limitation in the Arctic Ocean deepens vertical production distributions where light‐dependent growth rates are lower. We extend this to interpret depth‐integrated production changes projected by the simulation for an ice‐free Arctic Ocean. Future spatial changes correspond to patterns of reduced surface nitrate and increased light. Surface nitrate inventory reductions in the Beaufort Gyre and Atlantic inflow waters drive colocated production distributions deeper to where light is lower, offsetting increases in light over the water column due to reduced ice cover and thickness. Modest production increases arise, 10% in a seasonally ice‐free Arctic Ocean and increasing to 30% by the end of the century, occurring at depth.

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New estimates of microalgae production based upon nitrate reductions under sea ice in Canadian shelf seas and the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean

Cited by 30 publications

References 63 publications

Biological and physical processes influencing sea ice, under‐ice algae, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate during spring in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Biological and physical processes influencing sea ice, under‐ice algae, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate during spring in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Under-ice microbial dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolism during the melt period in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

On the vertical phytoplankton response to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean

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