On the vertical phytoplankton response to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean

Lawrence, J.; Popova, Ekaterina; Yool, Andrew; Srokosz, Meric

doi:10.1002/2015jc011180

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Lawrence et al . [] examined the impact of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean, and showed good agreement with the conclusions of Yool et al . []: patterns of phytoplankton production in the future reflect the distribution of nitrate and the availability of light.…”

Section: Toward Better Understanding Of the Arctic Ice Ocean And Ecsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…While several ecosystem and biogeochemistry (BGC) studies were completed during AOMIP‐2 (see Table A4), the involvement of these communities has grown in FAMOS through truly coordinated, interdisciplinary model intercomparison studies. In this special issue, papers in this area analyze past and future changes in ocean productivity [ Yool et al ., ; Jin et al ., ], phytoplankton response to ice free ocean conditions [ Lawrence et al ., ] and the future of the subsurface chlorophyll‐a maximum [ Steiner et al ., ].…”

Section: Toward Better Understanding Of the Arctic Ice Ocean And Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lawrence et al . [] are careful to point out that our poor baseline understanding of the present phytoplankton distributions, and uncertainty in the mechanisms by which these distributions respond to external drivers, contribute to major uncertainty in future projections.…”

Section: Toward Better Understanding Of the Arctic Ice Ocean And Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

2016

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The overall goal of the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) community activities reported in this special issue is to enhance understanding of processes and mechanisms driving Arctic Ocean marine and sea ice changes, and the consequences of those changes especially in biogeochemical and ecosystem studies. Major 2013–2015 FAMOS accomplishments to date are: identification of consistent errors across Arctic regional models; approaches to reduce these errors, and recommendations for the most effective coupled sea ice‐ocean models for use in fully coupled regional and global climate models. 2013–2015 FAMOS coordinated analyses include many process studies, using models together with observations to investigate: dynamics and mechanisms responsible for drift, deformation and thermodynamics of sea ice; pathways and mechanisms driving variability of the Atlantic, Pacific and river waters in the Arctic Ocean; processes of freshwater accumulation and release in the Beaufort Gyre; the fate of melt water from Greenland; characteristics of ocean eddies; biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes and change, climate variability, and predictability. Future FAMOS collaborations will focus on employing models and conducting observations at high and very high spatial and temporal resolution to investigate the role of subgrid‐scale processes in regional Arctic Ocean and coupled ice‐ocean and atmosphere‐ice‐ocean models.

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Section: Toward Better Understanding Of the Arctic Ice Ocean And Ecsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Toward Better Understanding Of the Arctic Ice Ocean And Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

2016

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“…In sum, although classified as a single eco-region for modeling studies 56 , The Greenland side of the gateway was more saline below PML, but fresher on the surface (Fig. 1B ), consistent with recent increases in melt water from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Need for focus on microbial species following ice melt and changing freshwater regimes in a Janus Arctic Gateway

Joli

Gosselin

Ardyna

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Oceanic gateways are sensitive to climate driven processes. By connecting oceans, they have a global influence on marine biological production and biogeochemical cycles. The furthest north of these gateways is Nares Strait at the top of the North Water between Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Canada). This gateway is globally beneficial, first by supporting high local mammal and bird populations and second with the outflow of phosphate-rich Arctic waters fueling the North Atlantic spring bloom. Both sides of the North Water are hydrologically distinct with counter currents that make this Arctic portal a Janus gateway, after Janus, the Roman god of duality. We examined oceanographic properties and differences in phytoplankton and other protist communities from the eastern and western sides of the North Water (latitude 76.5°N) and found that species differed markedly due to salinity stratification regimes and local hydrography. Typical Arctic communities were associated with south flowing currents along the Canadian side, while potentially noxious Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant on the Greenland side and associated with greater surface freshening from ice melt. This susceptibility of the Greenland side to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms suggest that monitoring species responses to climate mediated changes is needed.

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“…In the central Arctic basins, due to a lack of nutrient, primary production is projected to remain low or to slightly increase from present low‐productivity regime in the next few decades, even if sea ice continues to diminish and light availability significantly increases [ Wassmann and Reigstad , ; Lawrence et al ., ; Slagstad et al ., ; Yool et al ., ]. Physical constrains (e.g., stratification) and nutrient limitation appear to also limit secondary production ( C. glacialis ) in the future central Arctic, as shown by the ecosystem model experiments forced by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate projections [ Slagstad et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early ice retreat and ocean warming may induce copepod biogeographic boundary shifts in the Arctic Ocean

Feng

Campbell

et al. 2016

JGR Oceans

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Early ice retreat and ocean warming are changing various facets of the Arctic marine ecosystem, including the biogeographic distribution of marine organisms. Here an endemic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, was used as a model organism, to understand how and why Arctic marine environmental changes may induce biogeographic boundary shifts. A copepod individual‐based model was coupled to an ice‐ocean‐ecosystem model to simulate temperature‐ and food‐dependent copepod life history development. Numerical experiments were conducted for two contrasting years: a relatively cold and normal sea ice year (2001) and a well‐known warm year with early ice retreat (2007). Model results agreed with commonly known biogeographic distributions of C. glacialis, which is a shelf/slope species and cannot colonize the vast majority of the central Arctic basins. Individuals along the northern boundaries of this species' distribution were most susceptible to reproduction timing and early food availability (released sea ice algae). In the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas where severe ocean warming and loss of sea ice occurred in summer 2007, relatively early ice retreat, elevated ocean temperature (about 1–2°C higher than 2001), increased phytoplankton food, and prolonged growth season created favorable conditions for C. glacialis development and caused a remarkable poleward expansion of its distribution. From a pan‐Arctic perspective, despite the great heterogeneity in the temperature and food regimes, common biogeographic zones were identified from model simulations, thus allowing a better characterization of habitats and prediction of potential future biogeographic boundary shifts.

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On the vertical phytoplankton response to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

Need for focus on microbial species following ice melt and changing freshwater regimes in a Janus Arctic Gateway

Early ice retreat and ocean warming may induce copepod biogeographic boundary shifts in the Arctic Ocean

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