Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Westerbeek, Elisabeth A. M.; Berg, Jolice P. van den; Lafeber, Harrie N.; Fetter, W. P. F.; Boehm, G; Twisk, Jos W. R.; Elburg, Ruurd M. van

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28625

Cited by 75 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The formulation of enteral probiotics and their most effective dosages also needs further study. (22,43) In a meta-analysis, Deshpande et al confirmed the beneficial effects of probiotics against fatal NEC and neonatal sepsis and recommended its routine use. (44) Antioxidants are involved in several immune response phases, such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, cellmediated responses and immunoglobulin production; these substances are therefore considered immunonutrients.…”

Section: Nutrient or Immune Nutrient Offermentioning

confidence: 99%

Terapia nutricional e sepse neonatal

Freitas¹,

Leão²,

Gomes³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. ter. intensiva

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Section: Nutrient or Immune Nutrient Offermentioning

confidence: 99%

Terapia nutricional e sepse neonatal

Freitas¹,

Leão²,

Gomes³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. ter. intensiva

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“…The sample size of 113 infants was based on the sample size calculation for the primary outcome of the main trial (serious infectious morbidity) (21). Normally distributed and nonparametric data are presented as means Ϯ SD and medians (ranges).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protocol guidelines for the introduction of parenteral and enteral nutrition followed current practice at our NICU. Nutritional support was administered as previously described (21,22). For each infant in the study, a feeding schedule was proposed based on BW and our guidelines.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical and nutritional characteristics of the infants were assessed, including exclusive breast milk feeding, achievement of full enteral feeding (Ͼ120 mL/kg/d), presence of a serious endogenous infection defined as sepsis, meningitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, or arthritis by a combination of clinical signs and a positive culture with bacteria other than Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (21,22), and NEC (23).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if SC GOS/ LC FOS/AOS was given in sufficient amounts (per-protocol analysis), there was a significant decrease of serious endogenous infections in preterm infants (21). We hypothesize that prebiotics may prevent adherence of bacteria to the intestinal mucosa, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Neutral and Acidic Oligosaccharides on Fecal IL-8 and Fecal Calprotectin in Preterm Infants

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:The gastrointestinal inflammatory response may play a role in the susceptibility of preterm infants for infections. We previously reported a trend toward lower endogenous infection morbidity after enteral supplementation of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides ( SC GOS/ LC FOS/AOS). We hypothesize that enteral supplementation of prebiotics may decrease infectious morbidity by reducing intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of enteral supplementation of prebiotics on intestinal inflammation, as measured by fecal IL-8 (f-IL-8) and calprotectin (f-calprotectin), in preterm infants. In a randomized controlled trial, infants with a GA Ͻ32 wk and/or birth weight Ͻ1,500 g received enteral supplementation of prebiotics or placebo (maltodextrin) between d 3 and 30 of life. F-IL-8 and f-calprotectin was assessed at baseline, d 7, 14, and 30 of life. In total, 113 infants were included. Baseline patient and nutritional characteristics were not different in the SC GOS/ LC FOS/AOS (n ϭ 55) and the placebo group (n ϭ 58). Enteral supplementation of prebiotics had no effect on f-IL-8 and f-calprotectin. F-IL-8 and f-calprotectin were strongly correlated at all time points (p Ͻ 0.001). In conclusion, enteral supplementation of prebiotics ( SC GOS/ LC FOS/AOS) does not affect f-IL-8 and fcalprotectin levels in preterm infants. (Pediatr Res 69: 255-258, 2011) I mmaturity of the immune system and the gastrointestinal tract may play a pivotal role in the susceptibility of preterm infants for infections. The maturation of the immune system is influenced by bacterial antigens of the intestinal microbiota (1). This interaction leads to metabolic and immunologic reactions by the epithelial cells and the underlying lymphoid cells and is called the bacterial-epithelial "cross talk" (2). The bacterialepithelial "cross talk" between the intestinal microbiota and immune system may cause an inflammatory response, which may further increase the susceptibility of preterm infants for serious infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (3).Invasive measurement of the inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract is difficult in preterm infants. However, noninvasive markers measuring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract have been investigated. IL-8 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by myelomonocytic cells that attracts and activates neutrophils and monocytes (4). In children with inflammatory bowel disease, IL-8 from organ-cultured lamina propria biopsies is related to inflammatory activity (5). Furthermore, in an in vitro study, Nanthakumar et al. (6) showed an enhanced IL-8 response of immature human enterocytes compared with mature enterocytes of older children. IL-8 precedes calprotectin in the inflammatory cascade. Calprotectin, released from neutrophils and monocytes, has several biological functions including fungicidal, antibacterial, and antiproliferative effects (7,8). Both IL-8 and calprotectin can be measured in the feces. Fecal calprotectin (f-calprotectin) is increased in pr...

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Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy

Osborn

Sinn

2013

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

189

131

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Further research is needed before routine use of prebiotics can be recommended for prevention of allergy in formula fed infants. There is some evidence that a prebiotic supplement added to infant feeds may prevent eczema. It is unclear whether the use of prebiotic should be restricted to infants at high risk of allergy or may have an effect in low risk populations; or whether it may have an effect on other allergic diseases including asthma.

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Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Cited by 75 publications

References 33 publications

Terapia nutricional e sepse neonatal

Terapia nutricional e sepse neonatal

Effect of Neutral and Acidic Oligosaccharides on Fecal IL-8 and Fecal Calprotectin in Preterm Infants

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy

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