Neurotoxic effects of sublethal concentrations of cyanobacterial extract containing anatoxin-a(s) on Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches

Entomotoxic Activity of Prasiola crispa (Antarctic Algae) in Nauphoeta cinerea Cockroaches: Identification of Main Steroidal Compounds

“…In addition, the evidence that the organophosphate Tn inhibits the cockroach neuromuscular junctions, similarly to other cholinergic compounds [17], corroborates the striking cooperation between octopaminergic and cholinergic pathways in the HPC entomotoxic activity at N. cinerea . Thus, we suggest that, in our experimental conditions, the acetylcholine-octopamine relationship would be involved in a direct modulation of the insect neuromuscular transmission, by altering the glutamatergic and GABAergic synapsis.…”

“…In this work, we have identified the mechanisms involved in the entomotoxic activity of Prasiola crispa’s n -hexane extract. To accomplish this, we have employed N. cinerea cockroaches, which is a practical, inexpensive, and rapid model for neurotoxicological studies [15,16,17]. The entomotoxic effect of this algae was associated to the inner presence of different phytosterols in its extract, which reinforces its biotechnological potential as a natural insecticide [18,19].…”

Availability of Guanitoxin in Water Samples Containing Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae Cells Submitted to Dissolution Tests

“…In the past, GNT has been associated with the death of domestic and wild animals that accidentally consumed water containing cyanobacterial cells [5,6,8,9]. The clinical signs observed in these animals Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 402 2 of 12 consisted mainly of excessive salivation, muscle tremors, convulsions, fasciculation convulsions, and respiratory failure. The lethal dose (LD 50 ) of GNT was determined in mice to comprise a range from 20 µg/kg to 40 µg/kg, with a survival time of 10 to 30 min, and it is considered ten times more toxic than other cyanotoxins of the same class [3,5,10].…”

Métodos de extração, estabilidade e biodisponibilidade da guanitoxina em cultivos de >i<Sphaeropermopsis torques-reginae>/i< analisadas por espectrometria de massas

“…Some studies have already been carried out to evaluate the effect of GNT on cockroaches, showing effects on the locomotor, cardiac and behavioral activity of organisms (Santos et al, 2019;. The use of other cyanobacteria compounds is already known in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industry (Kasting and Siefert, 2002), and cyanobacteria biomass is also used for the production of sustainable energy.…”

“…After several studies with rodents, showing that GNT has a similar mode of action to synthetic organophosphates, and Santos et al (2019) evaluated the toxicity of crude extract of strain ITEP-24 (S. torques-regiane) on cockroaches. Effects on heart rate decreased locomotor activity, behavioral changes, and significant neuromuscular failures were observed in cockroaches (Santos et al, 2019;.These studies suggested the use of cockroaches as an alternative biological model for the biomonitoring of GNT in aquatic systems (Santos et al, 2019;.…”