Availability of Guanitoxin in Water Samples Containing Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae Cells Submitted to Dissolution Tests

Fernandes, Kelly Afonsina; Ferraz, Humberto Gomes; Vereau, Fanny; Pinto, Ernani

doi:10.3390/ph13110402

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, when required and during intoxication events, confirmatory methods such as mass spectrometry should also be used. Although there are many mass spectrometry methods to evaluate known neurotoxins such as anatoxin-a and saxitoxin (e.g., [ 142 ]), only one method has been developed for guanitoxin using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)–mass spectrometry [ 143 , 144 ]. The further development of such methods is essential.…”

Section: Natural Intoxication Events and Methods For Cyanotoxin Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System

Metcalf

Tischbein

Cox

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Cyanobacteria are capable of producing a wide range of bioactive compounds with many considered to be toxins. Although there are a number of toxicological outcomes with respect to cyanobacterial exposure, this review aims to examine those which affect the central nervous system (CNS) or have neurotoxicological properties. Such exposures can be acute or chronic, and we detail issues concerning CNS entry, detection and remediation. Exposure can occur through a variety of media but, increasingly, exposure through air via inhalation may have greater significance and requires further investigation. Even though cyanobacterial toxins have traditionally been classified based on their primary mode of toxicity, increasing evidence suggests that some also possess neurotoxic properties and include known cyanotoxins and unknown compounds. Furthermore, chronic long-term exposure to these compounds is increasingly being identified as adversely affecting human health.

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Section: Natural Intoxication Events and Methods For Cyanotoxin Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System

Metcalf

Tischbein

Cox

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…The supporting information file contains the experimental details of the study protocols [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Preparation Of Plant Crude Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SGF was prepared following the protocol described by Fernandes, et al. [60] The prepared SIF without enzyme followed the procedure described by Stippler, et al. [62]…”

Section: Preparation Of Plant Crude Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Characterization, in vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Chitosan−tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Encapsulating Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz Aqueous Extracts

Wadasinghe,

Kalansuriya,

Attanayake

2023

ChemistrySelect

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Nanoencapsulation is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents from crude aqueous extracts derived from Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz stem bark against type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, G. arborea and S. pinnata aqueous extracts encapsulated chitosan−tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (GAE−CS−TPP, SAE−CS−TPP) were prepared following the ionic gelation method and were characterized via various methods. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic activity following the reported procedures. The antidiabetic potential of the GAE−CS−TPP and SAE−CS−TPP nanoparticles were evaluated against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, DPP‐IV enzymes, glucose uptake, and glucose adsorption assays. SEM analysis revealed that the GAE−CS−TPP and SAE−CS−TPP were spherical‐shaped with an average diameter of 138±30 nm and 129±19 nm respectively. The encapsulation efficiencies and the loading capacities of GAE−CS−TPP and SAE−CS−TPP were (57.64±2.38 % and 0.25±0.07 %) and (68.21±0.66 % and 0.79±0.17 %) respectively. The α‐glucosidase, DPP‐IV enzyme inhibitory activities (8.09±0.99 and 7.95±0.68 mg/mL,) of GAE−CS−TPP nanoparticles were more potent than that of G. arborea aqueous extract by 3.89 and 3.12 folds respectively. In conclusion, GAE−CS−TPP and SAE−CS−TPP nanoparticles exert antidiabetic activity to be used in pharmaceutical formulations to combat hyperglycemia in diabetes.

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“…Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae was isolated from a reservoir in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and cultivated in the laboratory. This strain was cultivated in ASM-1 medium at 22 µmol photons m −2 s −1 using a 12:12 h (light/dark) photoperiod at 25 • C (±1 • C) [14][15][16].…”

Section: Cultures and Commercial Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Fatty Acids from Cultured and Commercial Phytoplankton Species

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The extraction of fatty acids from microalgae and cyanobacteria is mostly performed with organic solvents and laborious procedures. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) can be a more effective and environmentally friendly process than traditional extraction (TE), which uses a large volume of solvent and conduction heating. Freshwater phytoplankton inhabits diverse aquatic environments and is a promising source of fatty acids and green precursors in the synthesis of biofuel, including cyanobacterial biomass. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of MAE to extract fatty acids from a Chlorella sp. microalga and two cyanobacteria, namely, Arthrospira sp. and Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae, for biodiesel production. For this purpose, the lipid content and fatty acid profile of these strains were compared after treating biomass with the two extraction methods. (2) Methods: MAE and TE were used as extraction procedures; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to assess the fatty acid profiles, and X-ray spectroscopy was used to analyze biomass. (3) Results: Although the fatty acid profile of the oil obtained by TE showed higher concentrations of fatty acids, the MAE method was able to extract more types of fatty acids. The variety of fatty acids extracted by the MAE, especially those with unsaturated chains, allowed for better quality biodiesel, presenting advantages over previous methods and studies. According to the analyses, essential fatty acids 16:0, 16:1, and 18:2 were found to be abundant in both cyanobacterial strains and in microalga, showing potential for biofuel production. Additionally, metal composition was determined as its content may indicate potential pro-oxidant influence in biofuel production. (4) Conclusions: MAE is a useful and green strategy to extract fatty acids from freshwater phytoplankton. Cyanobacteria can also be a beneficial source of fatty acids for biodiesel synthesis.

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Availability of Guanitoxin in Water Samples Containing Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae Cells Submitted to Dissolution Tests

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System

Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System

Development, Characterization, in vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Chitosan−tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Encapsulating Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz Aqueous Extracts

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Fatty Acids from Cultured and Commercial Phytoplankton Species

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